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  3. What Affects the Size of Workforce Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work and e

What Affects the Size of Workforce Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work and e

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问题                   What Affects the Size of Workforce
   Labor force is defined as being the total number of people who are available to work and earn income. 【B1】______
   Though the size of the workforce relies greatly on the size of the total population, there are several other aspects which also affect it.【B2】______If the population has a high proportion of very young people or of those too old to work, then the available workforce would be lower than if there were an evenly spread age distribution. If the population grows rapidly from natural increase, i. e. the number of births greatly exceeds (超过) the number of deaths, then as a total population increases, the proportion in the workforce declines.
  【B3】______Thus, more people retire from the workforce, and there are inadequate numbers of young people entering it to take place of those who are leaving it. The population is top-heavy with older people. So the percentage of the population in the workforce declines when there is either a rapid increase in births or a falling birth rate.
  【B4】______If the population is aging and there is an increase in the number of people retiring without a corresponding increase in the number entering the workforce, this raises the problem of the ability of the economy to provide a reasonable level of social services to the retired group. If the aged are to be cared for in special homes or hotels, finance must be available for that purpose.
   If the size of the workforce is small relative to the total population, then the government tax receipts are relatively low. 【B5】______
   A. Sometimes a population is described as aging, which means that the birth rate is either falling or growing very slowly.
   B. This definition includes everyone who is employed or seeking paid employment, so it includes both employees and the self-employed.
   C. The age distribution of the population has several important influences on the economy.
   D. This means that the government has less money available to it or the workforce members have to be taxed more heavily.
   E. There are still really high wage gaps in the labor force.
   F. The age distribution of the total population has a very great effect on the available workforce.
【B1】
选项
答案B
解析 文章开篇给出了Labor force的定义，而选项B的句子主语This definition与第一句话所指一致，进一步解释了劳动力这一概念“包括所有雇员或寻求有偿的就业者，因此它既包括雇员也包括个体劳动者”。因此B选项符合题意。
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