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  3. Reasons for International Trade Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. Every na

Reasons for International Trade Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. Every na

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问题                  Reasons for International Trade
    Foreign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. Every nation wants the opportunity to export its goods and services to other countries. A foreign outlet for sales enables a manufacturer or distributor to increase the volume of his business activity, thus increasing his chance to make a profit and increasing employment opportunities. Every nation also wants the opportunity and privilege of buying from foreign countries products and services that are scarce or unavailable at home that would be useful and beneficial to its people.
    Trading with other countries is not the same as trading within one’s own country. At home a company or a bank is familiar with its own people, laws, and business practices. At abroad the picture becomes a complex one. Each country is different and therefore is said to carry different risks. Political risks, for example, relate to such varied factors as treaties, war, import quotas, and foreign exchange restrictions.
    In today’s complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilised different economic resources. People have developed different skills. This is the foundation of world trade and economic activity. So countries that do not have the resources within their own boundaries must buy from countries that export them.
    Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. As far as the United States is concerned, it enjoys the most favourable position and has vast coal and oil reserves, but the United States is also a heavy consumer of nature resources, and it is increasingly reliant on certain imports, especially on oil. It consumes more than it can produce at home.
    If one nation can sell some items at a lower cost, the other countries would buy them. Japan. a highly industrialised nation, has been able to export large quantities of automobiles because it can produce them efficiently than other countries. It is cheaper for some Western countries to buy these from Japan than to produce them domestically. Japan should produce and export those items from which it gets a comparative advantage. It should also buy and import what it needs from those countries that have a comparative advantage in the desired items.
    At last, innovation or style or quality plays the most important role in the foreign trade. For example, the United States produces more automobiles than any other countries; it still imports large quantities of autos from Japan, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States. In conclusion, developing international trade is a country’s long-term strategy. For most nations, exports and imports are the most important international activity. With this activity, nations can develop their economy.
According to the fourth paragraph, foreign trade occurs because
选项 A、some people prefer foreign products to ones produced in their own country.
B、a country does not possess certain resources in its own territories.
C、a country hopes to consume other countries’ resources first but preserve its own resources.
D、a country does not have sufficient resources to meet its needs.
答案D
解析 题目意为：“根据文章第四段内容，对外贸易出现是因为什么?”文中第三段阐述了由于一个国家的资源有限，部分产品稀缺，这时就要通过对外贸易进口，这是进行对外贸易的原因之一。第四段分析了需要进行对外贸易的另一个原因，即一个国家生产的产品不能满足其人民的需要，这时也要通过对外贸易进口。文中以美国为例，虽然其拥有大量的煤和石油的储备，但是美国也是这些资源的消耗大国，因此美国仍然需要进口石油，因此正确答案为D。
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