2. 外语
  3. To produce the upheaval in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid-1860’s to t

To produce the upheaval in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid-1860’s to t

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问题     To produce the upheaval in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the mid-1860’s to the mid-1880’s, three primary causes interacted. The emergence of a half-dozen leaders in education provided tile personal force that was needed. Moreover, an outcry for a fresher, more practical, and more advanced kind of instruction arose among tile alumni(校友) and friends of nearly all of the old colleges and grew into a movement that overrode all conservative opposition. The aggressive "Young Yale" movement appeared, demanding partial alumni control, a more liberal spirit, and a broader course of study. Tile graduates of Harvard College simultaneously rallied to relieve the college’s poverty and demand new enterprise. Education was pushing toward higher standards in the East by throwing off church leadership everywhere, and in the West by finding a wider range of studies and a new sense of public duty.
    The old-style classical education received its most crushing blow in the citadel(保垒) of Harvard College, where Dr. Charles Eliot, a young captain of thirty-five, son of a former treasurer of Harvard, led tile progressive forces. Five revolutionary advances were made during the first years of Dr. Eliot’s administration. They were the elevation(提高) and amplification(增加) of entrance requirement, the enlargement of the curriculum and the development of the elective system, the recognition of graduate study in the liberal arts, the raising of professional training in law, medicine, and engineering to a postgraduate level, and the fostering of greater maturity in student life. Standards of admission were sharply advanced in 1872-1873 and 1876-1877. By the appointment of a dean to take charge of student affairs, and a wise handling of discipline, the undergraduates were led to regard themselves more as young gentlemen and less as young animals. One new course of study after another was opened up -- science, music, the history of the fine arts, advanced Spanish, political economy, physics, classical philology, and international law.
According to the passage, which of tile following can be inferred about Harvard College before progressive changes occurred?
选项 A、Admission standards were lower.
B、Students were younger.
C、Classes ended earlier.
D、Courses were more practical.
答案A
解析 题目的主干是哈佛学院在这一进步性变化发生前的状况，所以考生应把重点放在第二段。文中并没有明确指出哈佛学院以前的状况，但是可以通过相应的变化推论得出。从第一段中Education was pushing toward higher standards．．．(教育被推向更高的标准…)可以推知以前教育的标准是相对较低的。文章虽然出现the fostering of greater maturity in student life(加强学生生活的成熟性)，但不是说所有生活在哈佛的学生年纪都大，B)是对mature一词的误解；D)讲述的是哈佛学院改革后的状况:One new course of study after another was opened up--science，music，the history of the fine arts，advanced Spanish，political economy，physics，classical philosophy，and international law．(一门又一门的新课程得以开设——科学、音乐、艺术史、高级西班牙语、政治经济学、物理、古典哲学和国际法。)所列的课程大都是具有实用性的，但是这些课程是后来才开设的；C)是干扰项，因为文章没有提到过课时的问题。
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大学英语四级

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