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  3. Anonymity is not something which was invented with the Internet. Anonymity and pseudonymity has occurred throughout history. For

Anonymity is not something which was invented with the Internet. Anonymity and pseudonymity has occurred throughout history. For

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问题    Anonymity is not something which was invented with the Internet. Anonymity and pseudonymity has occurred throughout history. For example, William Shakespeare is probably a pseudonym, and the real name of this 【C1】______ author is not known and will probably never be known.
   Anonymity has been used for many purposes. A well-known person may use a pseudonym to write messages, where the person does not want people’ s【C2】______of the real author【C3】______their perception of the message. Also other people may want to【C4】______certain information about themselves in order to achieve a more 【C5】______ evaluation of their messages. A case in point is that in history it has been【C6】______that women used male pseudonyms, and for Jews to use pseudonyms in societies where their 【C7】______ was persecuted. Anonymity is often used to protect the 【C8】______ of people, for example when reporting results of a scientific study, when describing individual cases.
   Many countries even have laws which protect anonymity in certain circumstances. For instance, a person may, in many countries, consult a priest, doctor or lawyer and【C9】______personal information which is protected. In some【C10】______, for example confession in catholic churches, the confession booth is specially【C11】______to allow people to consult a priest,【C12】______seeing him face to face.
   The anonymity in【C13】______situations is however not always 100%. If a person tells a lawyer that he plans a【C14】______crime, some countries allow or even【C15】______that the lawyer tell the【C16】______. The decision to do so is not easy, since people who tell a priest or a psychologist that they plan a crime, may often do this to【C17】______their feeling more than their real intention.
   Many countries have laws protecting the anonymity of tip-offs to newspapers. It is regarded as【C18】______that people can give tips to newspapers about abuse, even though they are dependent【C19】______the organization they are criticizing and do not dare reveal their real name. Advertisement in personal sections in newspapers are also always signed by a pseudonym for【C20】______reasons.
【C12】
选项 A、before
B、after
C、with
D、without
答案D
解析 本句意为“忏悔间是特殊设计的，以保证人们在忏悔时______和牧师面对面”。根 据上文可以很容易推断出，本句说的是保护个人隐私的问题，而特殊设计的忏悔间正是 为了保护个人隐私，所以是为了避免忏悔人和牧师能互相看见。D项without是伴随的 否定，即前后两个动作不同时发生，因此为正确答案。before“在……之前”，after“在…… 之后”，with表示伴随状态，均与题意不符。
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