首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Does the publisher of Douglas Starr’s excellent Blood—An Epic History of Medicine and Commerce actually expect to sell many copi
Does the publisher of Douglas Starr’s excellent Blood—An Epic History of Medicine and Commerce actually expect to sell many copi
admin
2009-06-24
40
问题
Does the publisher of Douglas Starr’s excellent Blood—An Epic History of Medicine and Commerce actually expect to sell many copies? Whoever chose the title, certain to scare off the squeamish, and the subtitle, which makes the effort sound like a dry, dense survey text, has really done this book a disservice. In fact, the brave and curious will enjoy a brightly written, intriguing, and disquieting book, with some important lessons for public health.
66.______
The book begins with a historical view on centuries of lore about blood—in particular, the belief that blood carried the evil humors of disease and required occasional draining. As recently as the Revolutionary War, bloodletting was widely applied to treat fevers. The idea of using one person’s blood to heal another is only about 75 years old—although rogue scientists had experimented with transfusing animal blood at least as early as the 1600s. The first transfusion experiments involved stitching a donor’s vein (in early cases the physician’s) to a patient’s vein.
67.______
Sabotaged by notions about the "purity" of their groups’ blood, Japan and Germany lagged well behind the Allies in transfusion science. Once they realized they were losing injured troops the Allies had learned to save, they tried to catch up, conducting horrible and unproductive experiments such as draining blood from POWs and injecting them with horse blood or polymers.
68.______
During the early to mid-1980s, Starr says, 10,000 American hemophiliacs and 12,000 others contracted HIV from transfusions and receipt of blood products. Blood banks both here and abroad moved slowly to acknowledge the threat of the virus and in some cases even acted with criminal negligence, allowing the distribution of blood they knew was tainted. This is not new material. But Starr’s insights add a dimension to a story first explored in the late Randy Shilts’s And the Bond Played On.
69.______
Is the blood supply safe now? Screening procedures and technology have gotten much more advanced. Yet it’s disturbing to read Starr’s contention that a person receiving multiple transfusions today has about a 1 in 90,000 chance of contracting HIV—far higher than the "one in a million" figure that blood bankers once blithely and falsely quoted. Moreover, new pathogens threaten to emerge and spread through the increasingly high-speed, global blood-product network faster than science can stop them. This prompts Starr to argue that today’s blood stores are "simultaneously safer and more threatening" than when distribution was less sophisticated.
70.______
A. The massive wartime blood drives laid the groundwork for modern blood-banking, which has saved countless lives. Unfortunately, these developments also set the stage for a great modern tragedy—the spread of AIDS through the international blood supply.
B. There is so much drama, power, resonance, and important information in this book that it would be a shame if the squeamish were scared off. Perhaps the key lessen is this: The public health must always be guarded against the pressures and pitfalls of competitive markets and human fallibility.
C. In his "chronicle of a resource", Starr covers an enormous amount of ground. He gives us an account of mankind’s attitudes over a 400-year period towards this "precious, mysterious, and hazardous material"; of medicine’s efforts to understand, control, and develop blood’s life-saving properties; and of the multibillion-dollar industry that benefits from it. He describes disparate institutions that use blood, from the military and the pharmaceutical industry to blood banks. The culmination is a rich examination of how something as horrifying as distributing blood tainted with the HIV virus could have occurred.
D. The book’s most interesting section considers the huge strides transfusion science took during World War Ⅱ. Medicine benefited significantly from the initiative to collect and supply blood to the Allied troops and from new trauma procedures developed to administer it. It was then that scientists learned to separate blood into useful elements, such as freeze-dried plasma and clotting factors, paving the way for both battlefield miracles and dramatic improvement in the lives of hemophiliacs.
E. Starr’s tale ends with a warning about the safety of today’s blood supply.
F. Starr obtained memos and other evidence used in Japanese, French, and Canadian criminal trials over the tainted-blood distribution. (American blood banks enjoyed legal protections that made U.S. trials more complex and provided less closure for those harmed.) His account of the French situation is particularly poignant. Starr explains that in postwar France, donating blood was viewed as a sacred and patriotic act. Prison populations were urged to give blood as a way to connect more with society. Unfortunately, the French came to believe that such benevolence somehow offered a magical protection to the blood itself and that it would be unseemly to question volunteer donors about their medical history or sexual or drug practices. Combined with other factors, including greed and hubris, this led to tragedy. Some blood banks were collecting blood from high-risk groups as late as 1990, well into the crisis. And France, along with Canada, Japan, and even Britain, stalled approval and distribution of safer, American heat-treated plasma products when they became available, in part because they were giving their domestic companies time to catch up with scientific advances.
选项
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/pIHd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语五级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语五级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
A.OtherthreatstotheBeringseaB.Pollack—themostimportantkindofishC.TheproblemsmanycountiesfaceD.HowtoprotectBe
A.OtherthreatstotheBeringseaB.Pollack—themostimportantkindofishC.TheproblemsmanycountiesfaceD.HowtoprotectBe
WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue?FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogramme
BeforeyoudownloadanythingfromtheInternet,youshouldfirstofall______.WhatisCdriveusuallyusedtokeep?
BeforeyoudownloadanythingfromtheInternet,youshouldfirstofall______.Whyshouldyouupdateyouremergencydiskbefor
Whattheauthordiscussedintheprevioussectionismostprobablyabout______.Accordingtothepassage,todothe"effectto
TheAmericanFamilyIntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenare(5
NewIdeasIceland’sPresidentOlafurGrimssonistryingtodrivecarbondioxide(二氧化碳)undergroundto
ImproveComputer-researchSkillsLikemanycollegestudents,JoseJuarezcarriesaroundapocket-sizedcomputerthatletshi
FlyingintoHistoryWhenyouturnonthetelevisionorreadamagazine,celebrities(名人)areeverywhere.Althoughfameandt
随机试题
A.滋阴补肾,填精益髓B.益气补血,健脾养心C.温补肾阳,填精益髓D.滋阴填精,益气壮阳E.滋阴补阳,化痰开窍龟鹿二仙胶的功用是
A.结晶或重结晶B.溶剂沉淀法C.酸碱沉淀法D.盐析法E.透析法.根据分子量大小不同进行分离的方法是
外国的组织或者个人来华测绘,必须采取()的形式进行,并不得涉及国家秘密和危害国家安全。
人民法院就数个证据对同一事实证明力的认定原则,错误的有()。
外商投资企业在清算期间,下列哪些行为违反法律规定?()。
人事管理的首要工作是()。
根据民事诉讼法关于特别程序的规定,下列情况中,不能适用特别程序的是()。
十一届全国人大四次会议通过的“十二五”规划纲要,以()为主题、以()为主线。
从所给的四个选项中,选择最合适的一个填入问号处,使之呈现一定的规律性。
Thenextdecadecouldseecommutersspeedingtoworkatabout300milesperhouraboardmagneticlevitationvehicles,according
最新回复
(
0
)