首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
专升本
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies and other creatures learn to de things because certain acts lead to "
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies and other creatures learn to de things because certain acts lead to "
admin
2011-06-28
91
问题
For some time past it has been widely accepted that babies and other creatures learn to de things because certain acts lead to "rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological "drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink or some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to "reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the children’s responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement "switched on" a display of lights-and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result. For instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
Papousek’s light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would "smile and bubble" when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
The babies would "smile and bubble" at the lights because ______.
选项
A、the lights were directly related to some basic "drives"
B、the sight of the lights was interesting
C、they need not turn back to watch the lights
D、they succeeded in "switching on" the lights
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/pJlC777K
本试题收录于:
英语题库成考专升本分类
0
英语
成考专升本
相关试题推荐
Americansenjoyfastfoodmainlybecause______.Accordingtothetext,adrive-inwindowis______.
Americansenjoyfastfoodmainlybecause______.Itcanbeinferredthatchildren______.
"AMOMENT’SINATTENTIONCAUSESACCIDENTS"(Line2,Para.1)isaself-defeatingwarningbecause______.Whichofthefollowing
"AMOMENT’SINATTENTIONCAUSESACCIDENTS"(Line2,Para.1)isaself-defeatingwarningbecause______."subtlevisualtraps"(
Somepeoplearguethatthepressureoninternationalsportsmenandsportswomenkillstheessenceofsport--thepursuitofperson
Withthehospitality(热情好客)so______(character)ofthesepeople,theyopenedtheirhousetooverfiftyguests.
Peoplewholiveincities______tosufferfromstressmorethanpeopleinthecountryside.
LincolnisregardedasagreatPresidentpartlybecauseWhatdo"I’meanas"highpraise"(Line8,Para.2)?
随机试题
A.血钙增高、血磷降低B.血磷增高C.血钙和血磷同时增高D.血钙和血磷同时降低E.血钙降低、血磷增高甲状旁腺功能亢进可见
流行性乙型脑炎极期最严重的三种症状是
深基础施工中,现浇钢筋混凝土地下连续墙的优点有()。
建设监理合同属于()合同。
从加速收款方面来加强现金的收支管理的描述,______是不正确的。
请认真阅读下述材料,并按要求作答。请根据上述材料完成下列任务:简要分析歌曲的特点。
【材料大意】以下是编辑小王和领导的一段对话:董主任:“小王,近期要加强宣传工作,以后每周要在我市日报上发表两篇文章,这个任务交给你了。”小王:“现在新闻稿审查这么严,我即使尽全力,一周也只能完成一篇。”董主任:“根据以往的经验你是可
下面缺少宾语的一句是( )。
“家电下乡”产品销售额增幅最大的是几月份?
在中国近代史上,资产阶级维新派自身的弱点和局限性主要有()
最新回复
(
0
)