首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavio
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavio
admin
2017-02-24
76
问题
By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behaviour, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity. When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the "ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen, goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavours, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. It knows no other mode of flight, "or if such a lonely animal is engaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions(as useless as cultivating an unsown field)or dies in helpless inactivity". Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.
Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. Habits, instead of being born ready-made(when they are called instincts and not habits at all)were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were moulded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.
This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism—is now, for the first time, created by which the individual(in contradiction to the species)can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver, and preeminently by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always supplementary factors.
What is the difference between human beings and animals?
选项
A、The way they communicate.
B、How they express feelings.
C、The permanent change influenced by environment upon human beings instead of animals.
D、Whether they can use tools or not.
答案
C
解析
细节题。根据关键词“difference”定位至原文第一段前三句。第二句强调句指明区别为“susceptible to environment”(易受环境影响),同时还需结合第一句和第三句,第三句指出虽然低等动物也受环境影响,但不会直接引起习惯的改变,第一句指出人类会受环境影响,并形成持久的改变(a permanent change)。因此,正确答案是C。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/pQU7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
A、Hewon’tbereadyuntilnextweek.B、HeisavailableanydayexceptWednesday.C、HewillbebusybeforeWednesday.D、Hecanme
A、Diamond-producingriversaredisappearingbecauseofclimatechange.B、Diamondcouldn’tbeformedwithoutgreatheatandpress
Morethanfiftyyearsago,theUnitedNationsdeclaredthatliteracyisabasichumanright.It’sveryimportantfor【B1】______th
Morethanfiftyyearsago,theUnitedNationsdeclaredthatliteracyisabasichumanright.It’sveryimportantfor【B1】______th
Morethanfiftyyearsago,theUnitedNationsdeclaredthatliteracyisabasichumanright.It’sveryimportantfor【B1】______th
Morethanfiftyyearsago,theUnitedNationsdeclaredthatliteracyisabasichumanright.It’sveryimportantfor【B1】______th
A、Heisalwaysinahurry.B、Heisquickinmakingdecisions.C、Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheairport.D、Heusuallydo
A、Tochecktheaccuracyofscales.B、Tocalculatethedensityofothermetals.C、Toobservechangesintheatmosphere.D、Tomeas
A、Heisalwaysinahurry.B、Heisquickinmakingdecisions.C、Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheairport.D、Heusuallydo
几百年来,昆曲在表演(staging)的通俗性上经历了种种波折,然而从未有人怀疑过它在戏剧领域享有的最高(supreme)地位。昆曲在其他形式的传统戏剧的创立中发挥了指导性的作用,并产生了一批致力于昆曲的追随者(devotee)。昆曲陶冶了中国古代文人的性
随机试题
某女,22岁,腕、踝关节疼痛及脱发1年余,今晨郊游时发现面部出现紫红斑,遂就医。查体:头发稀疏,面颊及颈部均有不规则圆形红斑,口腔有溃疡。化验:血中查出狼疮细胞。病人返家后健康指导以下哪项不妥()
某男性,66岁,近日出现喘息、咳嗽、胸闷等症状,夜间及凌晨发作加重,呼吸较困难,并伴有哮鸣音。根据病情表现,该患者可能患有
张甲有两子张乙和张丙,因张乙和张丙在国外工作,无暇顾及张甲。张甲便与刘某签订一份遗赠扶养协议,将自己的房屋在死后赠与刘某,刘某尽生养死葬的义务。张甲在病危期间,张乙回到国内,张甲在临终前立下口头遗嘱,将其房屋由张乙继承(遗嘱符合形式要件)。张甲死亡后,王某
银行业监督管理机构的职责包括:()
关于单利和复利的区别,下列说法正确的是()。
以下哪种为社交礼仪中正确的介绍方式?()
职业是指劳动者为获得劳动报酬或收入所从事的社会劳动类别。职业具有哪些特征()。
公民年满16周岁并以自己的劳动收入为主要生活来源的,可以视为()。
CiscoPIX525防火墙可以进行操作系统映像更新的访问模式是()。
ThanksgivingDayisthemosttrulyAmericanofthenationalholidaysintheUnitedStatesandismostcloselyconnectedwiththe
最新回复
(
0
)