首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In the beginning of the movie /, Robot, a robot has to decide whom to save after two cars plunge into the water—Del Spooner or a
In the beginning of the movie /, Robot, a robot has to decide whom to save after two cars plunge into the water—Del Spooner or a
admin
2021-01-08
122
问题
In the beginning of the movie /, Robot, a robot has to decide whom to save after two cars plunge into the water—Del Spooner or a child. Even though Spooner screams "Save her! Save her!" the robot rescues him because it calculates that he has a 45 percent chance of survival compared to Sarah’s 11 percent. The robot’s decision and its calculated approach raise an important question: would humans make the same choice? And which choice would we want our robotic counterparts to make?
Isaac Asimov evaded the whole notion of morality in devising his three laws of robotics, which hold that 1. Robots cannot harm humans or allow humans to come to harm: 2. Robots must obey humans, except where the order would conflict with law 1: and 3. Robots must act in self-preservation, unless doing so conflicts with laws 1 or 2. These laws are programmed into Asimov’s robots—they don’t have to think, judge, or value. They don’t have to like humans or believe that hurting them is wrong or bad. They simply don’t do it.
The robot who rescues Spooner’s life in J, Robot follows Asimov’s zero
th
law: robots cannot harm humanity(as opposed to individual humans)or allow humanity to come to harm—an expansion of the first law that allows robots to determine what’s in the greater good. Under the first law, a robot could not harm a dangerous gunman, but under the zero
th
law, a robot could kill the gunman to save others.
Whether it’s possible to program a robot with safeguards such as Asimov’s laws is debatable. A word such as "harm" is vague(what about emotional harm? Is replacing a human employee harm?), and abstract concepts present coding problems. The robots in Asimov’s fiction expose complications and loopholes in the three laws, and even when the laws work, robots still have to assess situations.
Assessing situations can be complicated. A robot has to identify the players, conditions, and possible outcomes for various scenarios. It’s doubtful that a computer program can do that—at least, not without some undesirable results. A roboticist at the Bristol Robotics Laboratory programmed a robot to save human proxies(替身)called "H-bots" from danger. When one H-bot headed for danger, the robot successfully pushed it out of the way. But when two H-bots became imperiled, the robot choked 42 percent of the time, unable to decide which to save and letting them both " die. " The experiment highlights the importance of morality: without it, how can a robot decide whom to save or what’s best for humanity, especially if it can’t calculate survival odds?
What does the author think of Asimov’s three laws of robotics?
选项
A、They are apparently divorced from reality.
B、They did not follow the coding system of robotics.
C、They laid a solid foundation for robotics.
D、They did not take moral issues into consideration.
答案
D
解析
观点态度题。定位句指出在作者看来,阿西莫夫在设计其机器人的三条法则时规避了所有道德理念,作者在最后一段也提到为机器人编程时考虑到道德问题是十分重要的,故答案为D)。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/paP7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
A、Thecostofmakingpaper.B、Largemachinesandpaper-making.C、Thedevelopmentofpaper-making.D、Howtomakepaperbyhandto
A、Theworldislackofconsumption.B、Foodandresourcesarenotenough.C、Somecountrieswanttohaveasmallpopulation.D、Hum
A、Travellersarefreetobuywhatevertheywant.B、Travellersdon’thavetoworryaboutanything.C、Travellerscandecidetheir
A、Launchingacampaigninspecialistmedicaljournals.B、AdvertisingmedicinesthatneedaprescriptiononTV.C、Makingnewspape
Carmakershavelongusedsextoselltheirproducts.Recently,however,bothBMWandRenaulthavebasedtheirlatestEuropeanm
Sevenyearsago,whenIwasvisitingGermany,Imetwithanofficialwhoexplainedtomethatthecountryhadaperfectsolution
Oncetheydecidedtohavechildren,MiShelandCarlMeissnertackledthenextbigissue:Shouldtheytrytohaveagirl?Itwas
Oncetheydecidedtohavechildren,MiShelandCarlMeissnertackledthenextbigissue:Shouldtheytrytohaveagirl?Itwas
Oncetheydecidedtohavechildren,MiShelandCarlMeissnertackledthenextbigissue:Shouldtheytrytohaveagirl?Itwas
随机试题
动机是激励过程的起点,也是激励存在的基础。()
在自然生态系统中,食物链的营养级数目是无限的。()
A.发疹有一定顺序,疹色暗红,呈斑丘疹,疹间有正常皮肤,3天出齐B.疹点较稀少,疹色淡粉红,1天布满全身C.疹点细小,呈琢瑰红色,1天布满全身D.疹色鲜红,密集成片,颜面,潮红无皮疹E.皮疹呈向心性分布,愈后不留斑痕
1型和2型糖尿病鉴别时下列临床特征以何为主
去年下半年,由中国逻辑学会等单位组织的全国报刊逻辑语言应用病例有奖征集活动,对4种中央级报纸和24种省级报纸进行检查。经专家认定,平均每种报纸有错5.8处。这些错误有概念不清、判断失当、推理错误等,如说“国庆节”是“祖国的生日”,以为“三甲”就是“前三名”
从化学角度分析,生活中的下列做法不正确的是()。
设向量场A=2x3yzi—x2y2zj一x2yz2k,则其散度divA在点M(1,1,2)沿方向l={2,2,一1}的方向导数(divA)|M=___________.
AsmillionsofAmericanjobsdisappearedoverthepastfewmonths,insomecasesforever,therewasone【C1】________forthenewly
下列关于宏命令的说法中,正确的是()。
StandardEnglishisthevarietyofEnglishwhichisusuallyusedinprintandwhichisnormallytaughtinschoolsandtonon-nat
最新回复
(
0
)