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  3. It’s easy to think of the highly self-disciplined as being miserable misers or uptight Puritans, but it turns out that exerting

It’s easy to think of the highly self-disciplined as being miserable misers or uptight Puritans, but it turns out that exerting

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问题     It’s easy to think of the highly self-disciplined as being miserable misers or uptight Puritans, but it turns out that exerting self-control can make you happier not only in the long run, but also in the moment.
    【F1】The research, which was published in the Journal of Personality , showed that self-control isn’t just about deprivation, but more about managing conflicting goals. Since most people associate highly disciplined folks with being more task-oriented—they’re not likely to be the life of the party, for example, or eager to act on a whim—the scientists decided to correlate self-control with people’s happiness, to determine if being self-disciplined leaves people feeling less joyful.
    【F2】They carried out a series of tests, including one that assessed 414 middle-aged participants on self-control and asked them about their life satisfaction both currently and in the past, and another that randomly queried volunteers on their smartphones about their mood and any desires they might be experiencing. Through the tests, the researchers found a strong connection between higher levels of self-control and life satisfaction.
    The smartphone experiment also revealed how self-control may improve mood. Those who showed the greatest self-control reported more good moods and fewer bad ones. But this didn’t appear to be linked to being more able to resist temptations—it was because they exposed themselves to fewer situations that might evoke craving in the first place. They were, in essence, setting themselves up to happy.
    【F3】That became clear in the study’s last experiment, which investigated how self-control affects the way people handle goals that conflict with one another. In particular, the researchers were interested in how self-disciplined and less-disciplined people differed when it came to choosing among "virtues" or "vices"—like the pleasure of eating a sugar cookie vs. the pain of gaining weight.【F4】More than 230 participants were asked to list three important goal conflicts they experienced regularly—and then to rate how strongly the goals conflicted and how frequently they experienced the conflict. They were also queried on how they managed to balance the goals.
    The highly self-controlled showed a distinct difference from those with less discipline over their lives.【F5】They tended to avoid creating situations in which their goals would conflict, and reported fewer instances of having to choose between short-term pleasure and long-term pain. The result? They experienced fewer negative emotions.
    It’s a very interesting study. The authors address some of the most important questions in life: What leads to happiness and how can we achieve a life well lived? The answer, it seems, lies in being a good manager. Self-control, for one, may not consist so much of being better at resisting temptation, but at finding better ways to avoid it. "High self-control does make you happy," the authors conclude.
【F2】
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答案研究人员进行了一系列的测试，其中一个测试是对414名中年参与者的自律程度进行评估，并询问他们当前以及过去对生活的满意度；另一个测试是随机抽出一些志愿者，用手机问答的方式了解他们的情绪和他们正在经历的各种欲望。
解析 句子的主干部分为They carried out a series of tests…。主句后的including…为介词短语，用以补充说明a series of tests。该句的翻译难点在于对including后两个并列成分的把握。其中，在including one…这一分句中，both currently and in the past作句子的时间状语，在翻译时，可以利用词性转换法把它们都转译成形容词“当前的以及过去的”；而在and another…这一分句中，they might be experiencing作any desires的后置定语，翻译时也可根据中文习惯将其前置，可译成“他们正在经历的各种欲望”。
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