首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
What potential advantages of PB does the professor mention? Click on 2 answers.
What potential advantages of PB does the professor mention? Click on 2 answers.
admin
2018-08-16
56
问题
What potential advantages of PB does the professor mention? Click on 2 answers.
Listen to part of a lecture in a political science class.
Professor: In previous classes, we explored how local governments create an annual spending plan, a budget, for the tax money they collect each year. And as I’ve said, budgeting is, in essence, a clear expression of priorities. In other words, it’s easy for politicians to say that they value things, things like education, but unless they allocate enough money, let’s say to hire more teachers, then you’ve got to wonder if they really do value education.
Student: As the old saying goes, you’ve got to put your money where your mouth is.
Professor: Exactly, Anyhow, with this in mind, let’s talk about participatory budgeting. Participatory budgeting, PB for short, is one alternative process that some town and city governments around the world have opted to put into place. Here in the
United States, we’re used to thinking of budgeting as happening behind closed doors, It’s generally believed that government officials alone will decide where to spend tax dollars, and that local citizens don’t really have access to that process. Well, PB turns that assumption on its head. First, PB seeks to get citizens involved through discussions, negotiations, and meetings. Citizens present their expectations and priorities to elected officials in terms of resource allocations, Also, the inner workings of the process become visible and clear to attendees. Citizens don’t have to guess what’s going on behind the scenes. They get insight into what’s happening and why. And lastly, the PB process helps to align government priorities with citizen priorities. It puts the politicians and the citizens they represent on the same page, since it gives the politicians a better understanding of local needs. So there are advantages to PB, but there are difficulties, too. First, it’s hard to implement. Why do you think that is? Richard?
Student: Probably because budgeting’s complicated. Maybe residents need a training workshop. You’d have to really understand how using funds for one thing means you don’t use funds for something else.
Professor: Well, while budgeting might get complicated at times, training isn’t a requirement. No. Actually, more than anything else, citizens need time to attend a bunch of meetings to advocate for what they want. It’s not enough to show up at one city council or school board meeting, ask for something, then disappear. Apart from that, citizens must also recognize that..., ok, say a group of citizens persuaded the city council to allocate $8 million to build a new community center, but tax revenues were lower than expected for that year, and so the bureaucrats didn’t have the funds to actually buy the land and materials and hire a construction team. In the end, the community center doesn’t get built.
Student: But why would a city council budget money it didn’t have?
Professor: Budgets are crafted months in advance. Tax revenues are projected based on past revenues, and funds can dry up or not materialize for lots of reasons, like an unexpected downturn in the economy could reduce consumer spending, which in turn reduces what business’ pay in gross receipt taxes to local governments. Now, I should point out that for us academics, it’s hard to talk conclusively about the efficacy of PB. You see, most of the recent literature is just individual case studies, descriptions of only a single city’s implementation of participatory budgeting. I’m not saying they were poorly designed. It’s just hard to draw any general conclusions from them. The only meaningful study I’ve seen to date is an analysis that used rigorous statistical controls, a comparative analysis of a whole number of cities in Brazil. A political scientist from Yale University looked at all the case studies that were published between 1996 and 2008, and he found that sort of on a macro level, that implementing PB did not really affect how public funds were allocated.
Student: Wait. If PB doesn’t change what budgets look like, why bother?
Professor: Good question, one I’d also ask if I hadn’t read one other finding of that Yale study that PB significantly increased the chance of the mayor’s political party getting reelected and remaining in power. At the risk of sounding too cynical, it seems that PB can generate good public relations. The use of PB, regardless of any tangible benefits to the public, apparently helps local residents trust their political leaders. Whether that’s enough to justify the process, I don’t know. Obviously more research is warranted.
选项
A、It can increase tax revenues from local businesses
B、It can help politicians match their priorities to citizens’ priorities
C、It can make the budgeting process less complicated
D、It can make the budgeting process more transparent
答案
B,D
解析
细节题。线索词为教授所说:Also,the inner workings of the process become visible and clear to attendees.以及And lastly,the PB process helps to align government priorities with citizen priorities.如原文所述,参与式预算公开、透明,且有助于将政府的优先事项与公民的结合起来。A和C选项均属原文未提及内容,文中未讲述参与式预算可增加税收或让预算过程简单化。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/pjfO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Completethesentencesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.Researchskillsincludewritingand______
Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.GIVINGASPEECHReasonsfornervousnessLecturers
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.Auniversityis
Completetheformbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.RegistrationformExampleAns
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.Howdoesthestudentcomparetheuniversitycoursewithpolytechnics?
Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTWOWORDSforeachanswer.ROBERTSCOMPANYFoundingThemostimportantprincipa
ChooseTWOletters,A-E.WhichTWOpossibleobjectionstoaroofgardenarediscussed?AproblemsofaccessBthecostofconstr
Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.GIVINGASPEECHReasonsfornervousnessLecturersofte
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.ReflectiveJournalAssignmentWhatistheman’sattitudeafterthediscussion?
A、Whatspiderseat.B、Whyspiderwebsaresostrong.C、Howcomputerscanbeusefultobiologists.D、Hownewkindsofstructuresm
随机试题
鲍尔特温将家长对子女的教养方式概括为专制型、溺爱型、放任型和民主型四类,他划分的依据是()
A.麻疹B.水痘C.猩红热D.风疹E.幼儿急疹皮肤弥漫充血、上有密集针尖大小丘疹
肝病时下列药物药效可降低的是
儿童颅内压增高较常见可靠的X线征象是
南方某村,居民以玉米为主食,某年秋天突然有十余人出现发热、呕吐、厌食、黄疸,随后出现腹水、水肿,因抢救及时未出现死亡病例。经医生诊断排除传染性肝炎,分析原因与居民主食玉米有关。该情况最可能是()
A.普罗帕酮B.厄贝沙坦C.卡托普利D.美西律E.辛伐他汀属于轻度钠通道阻滞剂的是()。
甲省乙市丙区城管大队执法人员对A公司作出罚款决定并要求当场收缴罚款,A公司有权要求出具()统一印制的罚款收据,否则有权拒绝缴纳罚款。(2008年单项选择第12题)
某施工段中的工程量为200单位,安排专业队人数是25人,每人每天能完成的定额是0.8个单位,则该队在该段上的流水节拍是()天。
某旅行社本月组织团体旅游,收取旅游费共计35万元;其中组团境内旅游收入15万元,替旅游者支付给其他单位餐费、住宿贵、交通费、门票共计8万元;组团境外旅游收入20万元,付给境外接团企业费用12万元,则谈旅行社本月应纳营业税税额()万元。
简要说明我国商业银行经营的主要业务。
最新回复
(
0
)