2. 外语
  3. 我今天的话题是《汽车与空气污染》。具体说来，我想先谈一谈汽车污染空气的途径，然后研讨一下控制或减少这种污染的方法。 首先我们来看一下汽车是如何污染空气的。汽车造成空气污染是因为汽车的内燃机实际上是一座小型化工厂。汽车内燃机所用的燃料是汽油加空气的混

我今天的话题是《汽车与空气污染》。具体说来，我想先谈一谈汽车污染空气的途径，然后研讨一下控制或减少这种污染的方法。 首先我们来看一下汽车是如何污染空气的。汽车造成空气污染是因为汽车的内燃机实际上是一座小型化工厂。汽车内燃机所用的燃料是汽油加空气的混

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问题    我今天的话题是《汽车与空气污染》。具体说来，我想先谈一谈汽车污染空气的途径，然后研讨一下控制或减少这种污染的方法。
    首先我们来看一下汽车是如何污染空气的。汽车造成空气污染是因为汽车的内燃机实际上是一座小型化工厂。汽车内燃机所用的燃料是汽油加空气的混合物。汽油混合着空气，燃爆后产生驱车动力，同时也产生了许多复杂的化学反应。尤其糟糕的是，由于汽油加空气的混合物未能全部燃烧干净，因此引擎排出的各种废气含有一些十分有害的化学物质，例如一氧化碳、氧化氮、铅、碳氢化合物等。
    这就是我们所面对的污染局面。如果我们不采取措施，这种局面还会继续恶化下去。
    所以，我们还是来研讨一下我们如何做才能控制或减少汽车对空气的污染。我想谈一下可采用的两种主要措施。
    首先，我们可以抑制人们用车的愿望。譬如说，我们可以提高汽油以及汽车的税率，尤其对耗油量大的大型汽车，可以征收高额税，我们可以此来抑制人们用车的积极性。
其次，我们可以鼓励人们选择其他交通工具，无论是市内交通，还是城市之间的旅行，都应该这样做。譬如说，我们可以使人们感到乘坐火车和公共汽车既便宜又方便。我们可以在大城市建立大规模公共交通系统，尤其是建造如伦敦、纽约、莫斯科和东京等城市所拥有的地铁系统。
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答案 My topic today is "The Car and Air Pollution". In particular, I want firstly to discuss the ways in which the car causes air pollution; and secondly, how we can control or reduce air pollution from the car. First, then, how does the car cause air pollution? What happens is that the cars internal combustion engine is a kind of chemical factory on a small scale. It uses a mixture of petrol and air, and this mixture explodes and burns, to produce the energy which propels the car. But while this is happening, many complicated chemical reactions are taking place. In particular, part of the petrol-air mixture is not completely burned up, and so the exhaust gases from the engine contain some very dangerous chemicals, such as carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, lead and hydrocarbons. This is the situation, then, and its going to get much worse, unless we do something about it. So let’s focus our attention now on ways of controlling or reducing the amount of air pollution caused by the car. I want to mention two major possibilities. First, we can discourage the use of cars. For example, we can put higher taxes on petrol and on cars themselvesespecially the larger ones that use a lot of petrol. Second, we can encourage alternative methods of transport, both between and within urban areas. For instance, we can make train and bus services cheaper and more convenient. And we can build a mass transit system in large cities, particularly an underground railway system such as those in London, New York, Moscow and Tokyo.
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