首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
科学研究不应寻求绝对的普遍真理 ——2012年英译汉及详解 Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific en
科学研究不应寻求绝对的普遍真理 ——2012年英译汉及详解 Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific en
admin
2014-11-27
63
问题
科学研究不应寻求绝对的普遍真理
——2012年英译汉及详解
Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory framework.
【F1】
In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.
It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail. Nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.
This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too.【F2】
Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.
Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered to be forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features.【F3】
To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behaviour arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.
That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.
The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language-acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.
【F4】
The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits(particularly in word order)shared by many languages, which are considered torepresent biases that result from cognitive constraints.
Gray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2, 000 languages.【F5】
Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it, whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations.
Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lineage-specific and not governed by universals.
【F3】
选项
答案
从共性中滤出个性,这或许能让我们理解复杂的文化行为是如何产生的,并理解是什么从进化或认知的角度引导着它的走向。
解析
本句考查的重点是:宾语从句和不定式作主语。 这句话的翻译关键在于对三个“what”从句和一个“how”从句的理解。本题第一个是what引导的宾语从句,是filter out的宾语。第二个“what”从句是介词from的宾语,from是固定搭配中的介词短语filter out A from B。第三个“what”从句是understand的宾语,和how并列。句子主干整理出来就是:filter out A from B enables us to understand C and D。A指的是“what is contingent and unique”:B指的是“what is shared”;C指的是“how complex cultural behaviour arose”:D指的是“what guides it inevolutionary or cognitive terms”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/pqK4777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Untilthetwentiethcentury(1900s),themajorityoftheblackpopulationlivedinthesouthernpartoftheUnitedStates.Then
Duringthepasttenorfifteenyearsagreatdealofattentionhasbeen【C1】______to"tellingitlikeitis,"or"lettingitall
Aperson’shomeisasmuchareflectionofhispersonalityastheclotheshewears.Thefoodheeatsandthefriendswithwhomh
Aperson’shomeisasmuchareflectionofhispersonalityastheclotheshewears.Thefoodheeatsandthefriendswithwhomh
Aperson’shomeisasmuchareflectionofhispersonalityastheclotheshewears.Thefoodheeatsandthefriendswithwhomh
Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.【C1】______thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedi
HowClinchWeathertoBecomeWarmProblemTheamountofgreenhousegaseswe’vealreadypumpedintotheatmospherehasirreve
ThePredicamentthatJapaneseMenOutofOccupationFacesAfterclashesbetweenriotpoliceandprotesters,workersattheK
Wall-MartCarriesoutaNewEnvironmentalProtectionPolicyWal-Mart,thenation’slargestretailer,announcedthatitwould
Theterm"betray"(Paragraph2)mostprobablymeansItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthat
随机试题
肉芽肿性炎时,下述哪种细胞是主要成分
民用建筑工程所选用的建筑和装修材料必须符合《民用建筑工程室内环境污染控制规范》(GB50325—2001)的规定。()
有一高100m、高宽比为2.5的高层建筑,位于大城市郊区,已知基本风压ω0=0.50kN/m2,结构基本自振周期T=2000s,通过简单计算确定,在高度80m处的风振系数βz值应为______项数值。
《党的十八届四中全会重要举措实施规划(2015—2020年)》是今后一个时期推进全面依法治国的总施工图和总台账。要组织好规划实施,应注重()。
下列关于罗马文明的说法,错误的是()。
世界石油价格上涨,导致油站供油不足。已知三辆油罐车分别运来吨油,农忙季节农用机车急需用油,为支援生产,把三罐油平均分成若干等份,每份尽可能多,每台农用机车一次凭车牌号领取一份油,则至少可满足()台农用机车的需求。
(南京大学2014)ABC银行有如下的资产负债表。试计算:该银行的持续期缺口;
Bysomeestimates,thereareasmanyas12millionillegalimmigrantsintheUnitedStates,toilinginfarmfields,restaurantk
Hewashopingtotakepartinthedriver’slicensetest,buthisparents_______thattheywon’tsupporthimunlesshecansave
拉萨历来是西藏全区的政治、经济、文化中心和交通枢纽。也是藏传佛教圣地。在漫长的历史进程中,拉萨经历了文明的洗礼和文化的鼎盛与延续,积累和沉淀了丰富的文明成果和文化遗产,素以风光秀丽、历史悠久、文化灿烂、风俗民情独特、名胜古迹众多而闻名于世。是国务院首批公布
最新回复
(
0
)