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  3. Social scientists believe that names influence personality, how we ’ re perceived, and even our physical appearances. In turn, o

Social scientists believe that names influence personality, how we ’ re perceived, and even our physical appearances. In turn, o

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问题     Social scientists believe that names influence personality, how we ’ re perceived, and even our physical appearances. In turn, our appearances impact how other people perceive us, which again affects how we feel and see ourselves. Psychologists believe there’s a relationship between internals and externals that shapes us.
    The researchers from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem decided to test whether stereotypes (刻板印象) and labels have an effect on physical appearance. That is to say, they wanted to find out whether the name a person is given at birth influences later physical features.
    The study hypothesized that this early label marks all those who bear the same name similarly, so much that other people can match the name to the face based on expectation of how someone with a certain name is likely to look. In other words, name stereotypes show physically in facial appearances. The research team found that both people and computers could pick the right name for a given face with more accuracy than would result from chance. That means common ideas of how a person with a certain name would look were correct—there was a "right" name for a type of face.
    Face-name matching likely works on many levels, the study suggests. Because we have shared ideas of what names mean, people with those names may "grow into" them by adopting expected behavior, facial expressions, and looks, and others will also have certain expectations. Say your name is Rose. Social expectations may direct you to act womanly, smile gently, wear dresses, and grow your hair. This is perhaps unconsciously expected more of a woman named for a flower than one who goes by Alex, a name that in the US is common for males and females. Alex may feel freer to bend gender stereotypes than Rose.
What does the example about the names of Rose and Alex indicate?
选项 A、Men and women are affected differently by their mums.
B、A girl with a boy’s name will not grow into a gentle woman.
C、There is little relationship between one’s name and behavior.
D、Shared ideas of names may influence how we look and behave.
答案D
解析 根据最后一段第二句Because we have shared ideas of what names mean, people with those names may "grow into" them by adopting expected behavior, facial expressions, and looks, and others will also have certain expectations. 可知，由于我们对名字的意义有共同的看法，拥有那些名字的人可能会通过采用预期的行为、面部表情和容貌变成那些看法中的样子，而且其他人也会有某种预期。接着文章举了Rose和Alex的例子为上述观点提供论据。由此可推知，文章通过列举Rose和Alex这两个名字的例子告诉我们，对名字的共同看法可能会影响我们的容貌和行为。故选D。
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