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  3. Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women

Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women

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问题     Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women’ s education may be unusual territory for economists, but enhancing women’ s contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics , with its emphasis on incentives(激励), provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.
    Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else’ s family and bear children. Girls are thus seen as less valuable than boys and art kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school-the prophecy(预言)becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle(恶性循环)of neglect.
    An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.
    Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.
The author believes that a vicious circle can turn into a virtuous circle when______.
选项 A、women care more about education
B、girls can gain equal access to education
C、a family has fewer but healthier children
D、parents can afford their daughters’ education
答案B
解析 文中的第二段详细讲述了恶性循环的内容，第三段详细讲述了良性循环的内容(vicious circle和virtuous circle这二个词组分别出现在这两段的末尾)。良性循环与恶性循环的最重要区别在于女孩能不能获得同等的教育机会。良性循环循环的起点必须是女孩获得受教育机会，而终点当然也是下一代女孩受到同样的受教育机会。而题目问的是什么时候恶性循环转变成良性循环，那么这个转变当然应该发生在良性循环的起点。A所说的女性更注重教育是循环中的第二环，它不可能不以起点为前提而独立出现。C所述的确实是受过教育的女性才有的做法，但在这个良性循环中它没有起到关键作用，它不会促使循环进人下一环。起关键作用的是赋予女孩教育机会。D的说法有一定迷惑性。如果父母供得起女儿上学，那么女儿就得到了受教育机会，这样就进入了良性循环的起点。然而前文说了，父母们不给女儿受教育机会是因为他们认为女儿不会创造价值，而不是因为供不起她们上学，因此这个前提本身就是错误的。
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