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  3. The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer (完全的, 纯粹的) physical survival and beyond that it

The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer (完全的, 纯粹的) physical survival and beyond that it

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问题     The ordinary family in colonial North America was primarily concerned with sheer (完全的, 纯粹的) physical survival and beyond that its own economic prosperity. Thus, children were valued in terms of their productivity, and they assumed the role of producer quite early. Until they fulfilled this role, their position in the structure of the family was one of subordination and their psychological needs and capacities received little consideration.
    As the society became more complex, the status of children in the family and in the society became more important. In the complex, technological society that the United States has become each member must fulfill a number of personal and occupational roles and be in constant contact with a great many other members. Consequently, viewing children as potentially acceptable and necessarily multifaceted (多方面的，多样化的) members of society means that they are regarded more as people in their own right than as utilitarian (功利主义的) organisms (社会成员). This acceptance of children as equal participants in the contemporary family is reflected in the variety of statutes protecting the rights of children and in the social and public welfare programs devoted exclusively to their well-being.
    This new view of children and the increasing contact between the members of society has also resulted in a surge (浪潮，波涛) of interest in child-rearing techniques. People today spend a considerable portion of their time conferring on the proper way to bring up children. It is now possible to influence the details of the socialization of another person’s child by spreading the gospel (经典，福音) of current and fashionable theories and methods of child rearing.
    The socialization of the contemporary child in the United States is a two-way transaction between parent and child rather than a one-way, parent-to-child training program. As a consequence, socializing children and living with them over a long period of time is for parents a mixture of pleasure, satisfaction, and problems.
Which of the following does the author mention as a cause of changes in the role of the child in the United States?
选项 A、An increase in technology.
B、The growing complexity of the child’s psychological needs.
C、A decrease in the child’s intellectual capacities.
D、The growing number of single parent families.
答案A
解析 本题问以下哪个选项是作者提到的导致美国孩子角色改变的原因。根据文章第二段内容，随着社会的不断复杂化，孩子们在家庭及社会中的地位变得越来越重要。在像美国这样的复杂的技术化社会里，每个成员都必须承担起几项个人的和职业的角色，并且要不断与许多其他成员交往。所以，把孩子们视为社会中潜在可以接受和必不可少的多重意义的成员就意味着不把他们视为功利主义成员，而是把他们看做是具有自己权利的人。由此我们可以推知，本题的正确答案应是A“科学技术的发展是孩子角色改变的一个原因”。
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