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  3. In Forces of Production , David Noble examines the transformation of the machine-tool industry as the industry moved from relian

In Forces of Production , David Noble examines the transformation of the machine-tool industry as the industry moved from relian

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问题     In Forces of Production , David Noble examines the transformation of the machine-tool industry as the industry moved from reliance on skilled arti- sans to automation. Noble writes from a Marxist perspective, and his central argument is that management, in its decisions to automate, conspired against labor: the power that the skilled machin- ists wielded in the industry was intolerable to management. Noble fails to substantiate this claim, although his argument is impressive when he applies the Marxist concept of " de-skilling "—the use of technology to replace skilled laboi— to the automation of the machine-tool industry. In automating, the industry moved to computer-based, digitalized " numerical-control" (N/C) technolo- gy, rather than to artisan-generated "record-playback"(R/P)technology.
    Although both systems reduced reliance on skilled labor, Noble clearly prefers R/P, with its inherent acknowl- edgment of workers’ skills: unlike N/ C, its programs were produced not by engineers at their computers, but by skilled machinists, who recorded their own movements to "teach" machines to duplicate those movements. However, Noble’ s only evidence of conspiracy is
that, although the two approaches were roughly equal in technical merit, management chose N/C. From this he con- cludes that automation is undertaken not because efficiency demands it or scientific advances allow it, but because it is a tool in the ceaseless war of capitalists against labor.
The author of the passage commends Noble ’ s book for which of the following?
选项 A、Concentrating on skilled as opposed to unskilled workers in its discussion of the machine-tool industry.
B、Offering a generalization about the motives behind the machine-tool industry’s decision to automate.
C、Making an essential distinction between two kinds of technology employed in the machine-tool industry.
D、Calling into question the notion that managers conspired against labor in the automation of the machine-tool industry .
E、Applying the concept of de-skilling to the machine-tool industry.
答案E
解析 作者在哪点上赞扬了Noble的书?A．做了熟练与非熟练工人对比。文中无。B．给出自动化后的隐含动机。C．给出两种技术的主要差别。B、C都是Noble所做的，但这两项作者在原文都不以为然。D．反对认为管理者使用自动化时，阴谋反对劳工。此选项和Noble的主张相反。E．正确。使用机器工业中的“非技能化”这一概念。见原文L13，impressive是褒义词。
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