首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
PASSAGE ONE (1) Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to fortify themsel
PASSAGE ONE (1) Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to fortify themsel
admin
2022-08-27
82
问题
PASSAGE ONE
(1) Cheating in sport is as old as sport itself. The athletes of ancient Greece used potions to fortify themselves before a contest, and their modern counterparts have everything from anabolic steroids and growth hormones to doses of extra red blood cells with which to invigorate their bodies. These days, however, such stimulants are frowned on, and those athletes must therefore run the gauntlet of organizations such as the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), which would rather that athletes competed without resorting to them.
(2) The agencies have had remarkable success. Testing for anabolic steroids (in other words, artificial testosterone) was introduced in the 1970s, and the incidence of cheating seems to have fallen dramatically as a result. The tests, however, are not foolproof. And a study just published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism by Jenny Jakobsson Schulze and her colleagues at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden suggests that an individual’s genetic make-up could confound them in two different ways. One genotype, to use the jargon, may allow athletes who use anabolic steroids to escape detection altogether Another may actually be convicting the innocent.
(3) The test usually employed for testosterone abuse relies on measuring the ratio of two chemicals found in the urine: testosterone glucuronide (TG) and epitestosterone glucuronide (EG). The former is produced when testosterone is broken down, while the latter is unrelated to testosterone metabolism, and can thus serve as a reference point for the test. Any ratio above four of the former to one of the latter is, according to official Olympic policy, considered suspicious and leads to more tests.
(4) However, the production of TG is controlled by an enzyme that is, in turn, encoded by a gene called UGT2B17. This gene comes in two varieties, one of which has a part missing and therefore does not work properly. A person may thus have none, one or two working copies of UGT2B17, since he inherits one copy from each parent. Dr. Schulze guessed that different numbers of working copies would produce different test results. She therefore gave healthy male volunteers whose genes had been examined a single 360mg shot of testosterone (the standard dose for legitimate medical use) and checked their urine to see whether the shot could be detected.
(5) The result was remarkable. Nearly half of the men who carried no functional copies of UGT2B17 would have gone undetected in the standard doping test. By contrast, 14% of those with two functional copies of the gene were over the detection threshold before they had even received an injection. The researchers estimate this would give a false-positive testing rate of 9% in a random population of young men.
(6) Dr. Schulze also says there is substantial ethnic variation in UGT2B17 genotypes. Two-thirds of Asians have no functional copies of the gene (which means they have a naturally low ratio of TG to EG), compared with under a tenth of Caucasians—something the anti-doping bodies may wish to take into account.
(7) In the meantime, Dr. Schulze’s study does seem to offer innocents a way of defending themselves. Athletes traveling to Beijing for the Olympic games may be wise to travel armed not only with courage and the "spirit of Olympianism", but also with a copy of their genetic profile, just in case.
Why does the author suggest the athletes bring a copy of their genetic profile to the Olympic Games?
选项
A、Because it is required by the Beijing Olympic Games Committee.
B、Because it may defend them against unfavorable testosterone test results.
C、Because it is one of the ways to show "spirit of Olympianism".
D、Because it will help them to perform better in the Olympic Games.
答案
B
解析
根据题干的bring a copy of their genetic profile定位到最后一段。从最后一段以及前文的描述不难总结出,由于基因型可能影响兴奋剂测试的结果,带上自己的基因分析谱有可能可以为自己辩护,因此选B。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/q9jJ777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
某公司开拓队在15108高抽巷上。零点班长岳某安排李某、刘某负责在茬岩进行打锚杆和进度眼作业。茬岩留有大于4m的空顶,在没有设临时支柱的情况下,李某和刘某空顶下拉钻机和管路,做打锚杆前的准备工作,其间顶板突然出现离层,掉落1块岩石将2人埋压致死。根据以上
________inthelate1800’s,manyofthecoastline’slighthousesremainstandingtoday,havingwithstoodtheforcesofnatureford
Janetaswellastheotheryoungpeoplewho________sentabroadbythegovernment________broughtupinthesmalltown.
PASSAGEFOUR(1)FredericChopinwasborninZelazowaWola,Poland,onFebruary22,1810,toaFrenchfatherandPolishmoth
PASSAGEONE(1)St.Petersburg,theverynamebringstomindsomeofRussia’sgreatestpoets,writersandcomposers:Pushkin
(1)ThelibraryatWoodgrovePrimarySchoolhasbeenturnedintoa"Maker-Space".Afterregularlessonsendataround2p.m.,pu
5waystohaveabetterconversationIntroductionWhycan’tpeoplehaveabetterconversationthesedays?astudy—
A、Peoplewhosaytheyarefinancialadvisers.B、Peoplewhohavereliablefinancialreputation.C、Peoplewhoaregood-tempered.D
HowInterpretersWork?I.UnderstandingA.Aboutwordsandexpressions—【T1】______wordsmaybeleftout:—
A、Petscanhelptoloweraperson’sbloodpressure.B、Petscanofferprotectionfromnaturaldisasters.C、Petscanhelptodeal
随机试题
以法所规定的内容不同为标准,法可以划分为()
设有一笔贷款,价值4亿美元,有1家牵头银行、8家经理银行、20家参与银行组成的贷款银团提供。贷款采用全额报销,其中,牵头银行包销8千万关金,每家经理银行各包销4千万美元。最终,牵头银行承担了4千万美元的贷款,各经理银行提供2千万美金的贷款,其余的贷款由每家
A.妊娠开始至第11周末B.妊娠31周C.妊娠26周D.妊娠第26周至40周E.妊娠开始至第12周末早期妊娠是指
对腹部实质性脏器病变,最简便易行的检查方法是
患者,男,37岁。因感染性休克入院。护士在观察病情时,下列哪项症状提示其发生急性呼吸窘迫综合征的可能
(2011年)案情:陈某因没有收入来源,以虚假身份证明骗领了一张信用卡,使用该卡从商场购物10余次,金额达3万余元,从未还款。(事实一)陈某为求职,要求制作假证的李某为其定制一份本科文凭。双方因价格发生争执,陈某恼羞成怒,长时间勒住李某脖子,致其
排放有毒有害气体的建设项目应布置在生活居住区的哪个风向位置?[2004年第15题]
在进行库存现金和存货清查时,出纳人员和实物保管人员不得在场。()
根据下列资料,回答问题。2016年,我国邮政行业业务总量完成7397.2亿元,同比增长45.7%。全年邮政行业业务收入(不包括邮政储蓄银行直接营业收入)完成5379.2亿元,同比增长33.2%。快递业务实现快速增长,全年快递服务企业业务
在PowerPoint演示文稿普通视图的幻灯片缩略图窗格中,需要将第3张幻灯片在其后面再复制一张,最快捷的操作方法是()
最新回复
(
0
)