首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals to
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals to
admin
2019-08-01
13
问题
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too. In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not.The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned mice to avoid saccharin by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.
It can be concluded from the passage that the immune systems of animals _____.
选项
A、can be weakened by conditioning
B、can be suppressed by drug injections
C、can be affected by frequent doses of saccharin
D、can be altered by electric shocks
答案
A
解析
推理判断题。根据文章第三段:Ader采用一定的方法使老鼠形成条件反射,这种反射削弱了老鼠的免疫功能。根据以上分析。A项与文中所表达的意思一致,故而正确。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/qB2Z777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
Americanpresidentsseemtoagebeforeoureyes.Butthecommonbeliefthathigh-officestressgraysourleadersfasterthan【C1】
Americanpresidentsseemtoagebeforeoureyes.Butthecommonbeliefthathigh-officestressgraysourleadersfasterthan【C1】
Americanpresidentsseemtoagebeforeoureyes.Butthecommonbeliefthathigh-officestressgraysourleadersfasterthan【C1】
Americanpresidentsseemtoagebeforeoureyes.Butthecommonbeliefthathigh-officestressgraysourleadersfasterthan【C1】
Americanpresidentsseemtoagebeforeoureyes.Butthecommonbeliefthathigh-officestressgraysourleadersfasterthan【C1】
Americanpresidentsseemtoagebeforeoureyes.Butthecommonbeliefthathigh-officestressgraysourleadersfasterthan【C1】
Americanpresidentsseemtoagebeforeoureyes.Butthecommonbeliefthathigh-officestressgraysourleadersfasterthan【C1】
Theshortergrowingseasonsexpectedwithclimatechangeoverthenext40yearswillendangerhundredsofmillionsofalreadypo
Theshortergrowingseasonsexpectedwithclimatechangeoverthenext40yearswillendangerhundredsofmillionsofalreadypo
随机试题
巢湖风景区中,号称“湖天第一胜境”的是()。
下列关于循环系统解剖生理的描述不正确的是
腹壁肌在侧壁上由内至外有下列各层()。
在病人常见的心理问题中,常表现为行为与年龄、社会角色不相符合,想回到婴儿时期,此病人的心理状态被称为
下列决定住宅建筑间距的主要因素中,不需考虑的是()。
B注册会计师负责对Y公司20×9年度财务报表进行审计。B注册会计师出具审计报告的日期为2×10年3月5日,财务报表报出日为2×10年3月15日。在审计过程中,B注册会计师遇到下列事项,请代为做出正确的专业判断。B注册会计师了解到Y公司下列20×9年资产
TheotherdaymybrotherTomwasbeginninghis56.______motorbikethenourneighbor,Marycameou
2006年中国国内生产总值和人均国内生产总值分别位居世界()。以下说法中不正确的是()。
9.Manyfinecooksinsistoningredients(成分)ofthehighestquality.
Maryhopedthatthisjobwouldserveasafirm______forherchosencareer.
最新回复
(
0
)