首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Since the dawn of e-mail, using sarcasm in digital communication has created strife and confusion between friends, colleagues an
Since the dawn of e-mail, using sarcasm in digital communication has created strife and confusion between friends, colleagues an
admin
2015-05-24
40
问题
Since the dawn of e-mail, using sarcasm in digital communication has created strife and confusion between friends, colleagues and romantic partners. Sarcasm, after all, is best conveyed using tone of voice, a wink or a nudge.
Now, as more people are sharing their opinions with casual acquaintances and strangers on social-media sites like Twitter and Facebook—rather than in private text messages to people who know their senses of humor—the sarcasm disconnect is even greater.
"My work e-mail is down. I’m devastated," or, "because that was so much fun the last time we did it," could mean completely different things to different readers. The confusion has driven some people to create special symbols and characters to clearly mark their snark.
And woe is the data miner who has the challenge of determining what is sarcasm and what isn’t. Defined as stating the opposite of what is truly meant, sarcasm is proving to be an obstacle for the academics and marketers who create computer programs to analyze massive pools of online chatters to gauge public opinions about products and politicians.
"Sarcasm is one of the toughest problems in computing," says Shrikanth Narayanan, a professor of computer science, linguistics and psychology at the University of Southern California.
Computer programming follows strict rules, while natural language, particularly the inside-joke culture of the Web, doesn’t.
That is the hurdle faced by USC’s Annenberg Innovation Lab, an interdisciplinary center that brings together social and computer scientists. The lab’s "Twitter Sentiment Analysis" project unites linguists, sociologists and computer scientists to try to build a modern-day lexicon for computers to read and interpret huge chunks of data provided by the millions of people who share their opinions online. The scientists at the lab have been using the political season to try to teach a computer to better understand the true sentiment behind tweets.
" If we can crack through political sarcasm, everything else will be easier," says Jonathan Taplin, a onetime film producer, Bob Dylan tour manager and investment banker who now runs the Annenberg lab, which is sponsored by IBM, DirecTV, Warner Bros. and other companies.
All data-mining services—or "online sentiment listeners," as they are sometimes called—rely on a combination of natural-language computer programming and human analysts.
Sentiment listeners and computers are trained to look for cues and symbols such as exclamation marks or emoticons—keyboard characters that, when typed together, convey smiles, winks or other expressions.
Looking to punctuation and other symbols to signal earnestness can be misleading, says Kate Paulin, the director of the insights and planning department at digital marketing agency 360i. Ms. Paulin says working for brands such as Coca-Cola has taught her that little can be taken at smiley-face value.
Teens and tweeters use emoticons sarcastically, she says. And a single exclamation mark—as opposed to multiple marks—may actually convey a lack of enthusiasm, she says.
Lovers of sarcasm who like to tweet are taking matters in their own keyboards. Aliza Licht, the senior vice president of global communications for Donna Karan LLC, who was " devastated" to lose her work e-mail on Tuesday, calls sarcasm "a religion. "Yet, as the hand that controls all of the fashion label’s social outreach—and the popular @ dkny twitter feed—she needs to be sure not to ruffle feathers with her humor.
So she invented a short, twitter-friendly sign to denote sarcasm—"(*S)"—-and uses it to let her followers know when her tongue is in cheek, such as with her tweet about losing e-mail. "We can’t read tonality in text, and it’s a problem," she says.
When his best friend failed to recognize his use of sarcasm in e-mails about 10 years ago, Doug Sak, an accountant in Washington Township, Mich. , saw a market: He since has created the " SarcMark," an upside-down lowercase E with a dot in the center, helpful for things that might actually not have been " so much fun the last time we did it. " He says he is approaching phone carriers to try to get them to include the symbol in their fonts.
The sarcasm could most probably be used among______.
选项
A、friends and co-workers
B、linguists and sociologists
C、computer scientists
D、human analysts
答案
A
解析
事实细节题。根据第一段中的…using sarcasm in digital communication has created strife and confusionbetween friends.colleagues and romantic partners.可知,在数字交流时代使用讽刺语给朋友、同事以及爱人之间带来了冲突与困惑,由此可知,讽刺语最常在朋友、同事和爱人之间使用,故[A]正确。第七段提到了linguists,sociologists and computer scientists,第九段提到了human analysts,但是他们是研究sarcasm现象的专家,并不是sarcasm的常用者,故排除其余三项。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/qDOO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
WhichrhetoricaldeviceisthemostimportantinBeowulf?
WhichofthefollowingisillegalinCalifornia?
Arecentreportshowsthatmanygraduatejob-seekersstudyexceptionallyhardtogethighgradesinvariousEnglishtests.They
WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?
ThomasMalthuspublishedhisEssayonthePrincipleofPopulationalmost200yearsago.Eversincethen,forecastershavebeing
ComputerCrimeⅠ.IntroductionCurrentsituation:theincreaseinnumberandtypeofcomputercrimeⅡ.Featuresofc
Accordingtothenewsitem,whatisexpectedfromObama’sannouncement?
Mergersandtakeoversmeantheactivitiesthattwoormorebusinessesjointogetherandoperateasoneorganization.Mergersus
Tounderstandthemarketingconcept,it’sonlynecessarytounderstandthedifferencebetweenmarketingandselling.Nottooma
Bahrainioppositionactivistssayateenageboy
随机试题
行政不当行为是只存在于下列行政主体的哪种行为中()
A、头先露羊水中混有胎粪B、新生儿心率少于80/minC、新生儿呼吸表浅或不规则D、胎心130/minE、新生儿心率130/min新生儿重度窒息的临床表现是
与膀胱后面毗邻的结构除外
WHO牙周状况评价标准中牙结石平均检出区段数等级为中等的范围是
女性,18岁。每次行经血量多,色紫红,味臭秽,夹有瘀块。常伴有便秘,口干。舌红苔黄,脉弦数有力。取穴为
黄某向法院申请支付令,督促陈某返还借款。送达支付令时,陈某拒绝签收,法官遂进行留置送达。12天后,陈某以已经归还借款为由向法院提起书面异议。黄某表示希望法院彻底解决自己与陈某的借款问题。下列哪一说法是正确的?(2014年试卷三第46题)
调值公式计算时固定要素比重为0.2,人工费是可调因素的一半,人工费的比重为()。
关于人民币汇率制度的说法,正确的是()。
简述新课程评价的改革内容。
立宪派
最新回复
(
0
)