首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
考研
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing
admin
2020-08-21
27
问题
Seven years ago, a group of female scientists at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology produced a piece of research showing that senior women professors in the institute’s school of science had lower salaries and received fewer resources for research than their male counterparts did. Discrimination against female scientists has
cropped up
elsewhere. One study—conducted in Sweden, of all places—showed that female medical-research scientists had to be twice as good as men to win research grants. These pieces of work, though, were relatively small-scale. Now, a much larger study has found that discrimination plays a role in the pay gap between male and female scientists at British universities.
Sara Connolly, a researcher at the University of East Anglia’s school of economics, has been analyzing the results of a survey of over 7,000 scientists and she has just presented her findings at this year’s meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Norwich. She found that the average pay gap between male and female academics working in science, engineering and technology is around £ 1,500 ($2,850) a year.
That is not, of course, irrefutable proof of discrimination. An alternative hypothesis is that the courses of men’s and women’s lives mean the gap is caused by something else; women taking "career breaks" to have children, for example, and thus rising more slowly through the hierarchy. Unfortunately for that idea, Dr. Connolly found that men are also likely to earn more within any given grade of the hierarchy. Male professors, for example, earn over £ 4,000 a year more than female ones.
To prove the point beyond doubt, Dr. Connolly worked out how much of the overall pay differential was explained by differences such as seniority, experience and age, and how much was unexplained, and therefore suggestive of discrimination. Explicable differences amounted to 77% of the overall pay gap between the sexes. That still left a substantial 23% gap in pay, which Dr. Connolly attributes to discrimination.
Besides pay, her study also looked at the " glass-ceiling" effect—namely that at all stages of a woman’s career she is less likely than her male colleagues to be promoted. Between postdoctoral and lecturer level, men are more likely to be promoted than women are, by a factor of between 1.04 and 2.45. Such differences are bigger at higher grades, with the hardest move of all being for a woman to settle into a professorial chair.
Of course, it might be that, at each grade, men do more work than women, to make themselves more eligible for promotion. But that explanation, too, seems to be wrong. Unlike the previous studies, Dr. Connolly’s compared the experience of scientists in universities with that of those in other sorts of laboratory. It turns out that female academic researchers face more barriers to promotion, and have a wider gap between their pay and that of their male counterparts, than do their sisters in industry or research institutes independent of universities. Private enterprise, in other words, delivers more equality than the supposedly egalitarian world of academia does.
Which of the followings can be attributed to Dr. Connolly’s study?
选项
A、Pay discrimination between male and female scientists.
B、Fewer resources for research by women scientists.
C、The super qualities possessed by male scientists.
D、The role of analyzing the results of a survey.
答案
A
解析
这是一道细节分析题,测试考生准确理解分析原文细节信息的能力。本题的答案信息来源在首段尾句和第二段的首句。第一段尾句(即全文的中心主旨句)中所提到的“a much larger study”所指代的就是从第二段至尾段作者所详细阐述的Sara Connolly(Dr.Connolly)的研究,其研究发现就是第一段尾句中所谈到的“歧视在英国大学男女科学家收入差距的问题上起着作用”。由此可以推断本题的正确选项是A。考生在阅渎时要注意捕捉全文中 心主旨句以及各段落之间的关系。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/qF1Z777K
0
考研英语一
相关试题推荐
ALetterofAdmissionWritealetterofabout100wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:LiMing’sapplicationforadmi
Parenthoodisn’tacareer-killer.Infact,economistswithtwoormorekidstendtoproducemoreresearch,notless,thantheir
Americans’prideandfaithoftheireconomicsystem,【C1】______thatitprovidesopportunitiesforallcitizenstohavegoodliv
Inthelate1960’s,manypeopleinNorthAmericaturnedtheirattentiontoenvironmentalproblems,andnewsteel-and-glassskysc
Inthelate1960’s,manypeopleinNorthAmericaturnedtheirattentiontoenvironmentalproblems,andnewsteel-and-glassskysc
PlayingorganizedsportsissuchacommonexperienceintheUnitedStatesthatmanychildrenandteenagerstakethemforgranted
ItisacknowledgedthatthemodernmusicalshowisAmerica’smostoriginalanddynamiccontributiontowardtheater.Inthelast
ItisacknowledgedthatthemodernmusicalshowisAmerica’smostoriginalanddynamiccontributiontowardtheater.Inthelast
Datahasahabitofspreading.ItslipspastmilitarysecurityanditcanalsoleakfromWikiLeaks.Itevenslippedpasttheban
It’slongbeenknown,butlittlediscussedinpolitehigh-techcircles,thatinformation-agetechnologyisnotthecleanindustr
随机试题
Thereislittleneedformarketingintheplacesuchasasubsistencefarm,because______.Themoderncapitalismeconomycould
鼻衄,血色鲜红,口渴欲饮,鼻干,口干臭秽,烦躁,便秘,舌红,苔黄,脉数,其辨证为
70岁,有2型糖尿病,但未认真治疗,近一周来发现尿频、尿急、尿痛,伴腰痛、低热。引发原因是
(二)A集团公司(国有)拟将所属B工厂改制为B股份有限公司,2009年7月获得所在省国有资产监督管理委员会批准后,7月28日,A公司委托某土地估价机构对B工厂涉及的国有划拨建设用地进行估价。下面是根据委托方提供的相关资料和估价师现场勘察得到的相关信息整理出
关于国家权力机关的概念,正确的说法是()。
在自动喷水灭火系统的预作用装置中,出现报警阀漏水的原因可能是()。
对教师而言,参加进修或者其他方式的培训是教师的义务。()
许多人利用早晚的时间学习,记忆效果优于白天,这是因为早上和晚上所受的抑制的干扰是()。
只有巧干加实干,才能创造出惊人的业绩。某公司的业务经理取得了非凡的业绩,可见该业务经理实践了巧干加实干。下列哪个推理结构与上述推理在形式上是相同的?()
文化传统的延续,从来不是___________地照搬照抄。取其精华,去其糟粕,根据时代发展做出合乎社会需求的调整,才是对文化的最好传承。填入画横线部分最恰当的一项是:
最新回复
(
0
)