首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of【T
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs, which can be arranged in order of【T
admin
2018-05-24
46
问题
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Abraham Maslow has developed a famous theory of human needs,
which can be arranged in order of【T1】______.【T1】______
Physiological needs: the most【T2】______ ones for survival. They【T2】______
include such needs as food, water, etc. And there is usually one way
to【T3】______these needs.【T3】______
【T4】______ needs: needs for a)physical security:【T4】______
b)【T5】______ security.【T5】______
The former means no【T6】______, while the latter is concerned with【T6】______
freedom from【T7】______, misfortunes, etc. These needs can be met【T7】______
through a variety of means, e.g. job security,【T8】______ plans, and【T8】______
safe working conditions.
Social needs: human requirements for a)【T9】______:【T9】______
b)a sense of belonging.
There are two ways to satisfy these needs: a)formation of relationships
at workplace:
b)formation of relationships
outside workplace.
Esteem needs: a)self-esteem i.e. one’s sense of achievement
b)esteem of others, i.e. others’ respect as a result
of one’s【T10】______.【T10】______
These needs can be fulfilled by【T11】______, etc.【T11】______
Self-realization needs: needs to realize one’s potential. Ways to
realize these needs are individually【T12】______.【T12】______
Features of the hierarchy of needs:
a)Social, esteem and self-realization needs are exclusively
【T13】______needs.【T13】______
b)Needs are satisfied in a fixed order from the bottom up.
c)【T14】______ for needs comes from the lowest un-met level.【T14】______
d)Different levels of needs may【T15】______ when they come【T15】______
into play.
【T5】
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Good morning, everybody. Today’s lecture is about Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. This seems like a psychological topic. Actually, it is something psychological. Abraham Maslow is a psychologist, and he’s especially known for his theory of human needs.
OK, first of all, what is a need? Here, we can simply define it as a personal requirement. Maslow believed that humans are "wanting" beings who seek to fulfill a variety of needs. According to his theory, these needs can be arranged in an order according to their importance. It is this order that has become known as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
In this hierarchy of needs, at the most basic level are physiological needs. Fundamentally, humans are just one species of animal. We need to keep ourselves alive. Physiological needs are what we require for survival. These needs include food and water, shelter, and sleep. At this level, for us humans, Maslow also includes the need for clothing. How are these needs usually satisfied? It is mainly through adequate wages.
Then, what is the next level of needs? At the next level are safety needs, the things we require for physical and emotional security. Physical security is easy to understand. Everybody needs to keep his body safe from injury, illness, etc. Then, what is emotional security? Well, that’s maybe the point in this hierarchy of needs where humans begin to differ from other animals. We are thinking animals. We have worries. What if I lost my job? What if I were struck down by a severe disease? Besides physical security, we need to think we are safe from misfortunes both now and in the foreseeable future. How can these needs be met then? According to Maslow, safety needs may be satisfied through job security, health insurance, pension plans, and safe working conditions.
After this stage come the levels of needs that are particular to human beings. The immediately following levels are the social needs. Under this category, Maslow puts our requirements for love and affection and a sense of belonging. We need to be loved. We need to belong to a group, not just the family, in which we can share with others a common interest. In Maslow’s view, these needs can be satisfied through the work environment and some informal organizations. Certainly, we also need social relationships beyond the workplace, for example, with family and friends.
Next, the level of esteem needs. What are esteem needs then? They include both the need of self-esteem and the need of esteem of others. Self-esteem is a sense of our own achievements and worth. We need to believe that we are successful, we are no worse, if no better, than others. The esteem of others is the respect and recognition we gain from other people, either through work or our activities in other social groups. The ways to satisfy esteem needs include personal achievements.promotion to more responsible jobs, various honors and awards, and other forms of recognition.
What follows is the top level of this hierarchy of needs. These are the self-realization needs. In other words, they are the needs to grow and develop as people, the needs to become all that we are capable of being. They are the most difficult needs to satisfy. Whether one can achieve this level or not perhaps determines whether one can be a great man or just an ordinary man. Of course, it depends on different people. The means of satisfying them tend to vary greatly with the individual. For some people, learning a new skill, starting a new career after retirement could quite well satisfy their self-realization needs. Well for other people, it could be becoming "the best there is" in certain areas: it could be becoming the President of the IBM. Anyway, being "great" or ordinary is what others think, while self-realization is largely individual.
Maslow suggested that people work to satisfy their physiological needs first, then their safety needs, and so on up the "needs ladder." In general, they are motivated by the needs at the lowest level that remain unsatisfied. However, needs at one level do not have to be completely satisfied before needs at the next higher level come into play. If the majority of a person’s physiological and safety needs are satisfied, that person will be motivated primarily by social needs. But any physiological and safety needs that remain unsatisfied will keep playing an important role.
OK, that’s the general picture of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Just to sum up, I’ve briefly introduced to you Maslow’s theory. Maslow thinks there are five kinds of human needs, with each one being more important than the preceding one. I hope that you’ve found his ideas interesting.
选项
答案
emotional//mental
解析
根据原文,对安全的需要包括“身体安全”和“情感安全”的需求,因此这里应该填入emotional。原文在谈到safety needs时提到2种安全需要,physical security和emotional security,后文紧接着对这2种安全需要予以解释。这些要点应当记录下来。考生也可依据physical security推导出与其对应的“精神安全”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/qNoK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
ThePopularityofEnglishI.PresentstatusofEnglishAEnglishasanative/firstlanguageBEnglishasalinguafranca:alang
LearningHowtoLearnI.ViewsonlearningA.Learningissomethingsonatural—wedon’teven【T1】______we’redoingit【T1】_____
A、PeopleinAmericaallwitnessedaradicalchangeintheirlife.B、Blacks,foreigners,andotherminoritygroupsledaneasier
DifferentTypesofLearningI.ThedefinitionoflearningA.AprocessofpeopleexperiencingrelationshipbetweeneventsB.【T1】
DifferentTypesofLearningI.ThedefinitionoflearningA.AprocessofpeopleexperiencingrelationshipbetweeneventsB.【T1】
ConversationalSkillsPeoplewhousuallymakeusfeelcomfortableinconversationsaregoodtalkers.Andtheyhavesomething
Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsAbrahamMaslowhasdevelopedafamoustheoryofhumanneeds,whichcanbearrangedinorderof【T
Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsAbrahamMaslowhasdevelopedafamoustheoryofhumanneeds,whichcanbearrangedinorderof【T
Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsAbrahamMaslowhasdevelopedafamoustheoryofhumanneeds,whichcanbearrangedinorderof【T
随机试题
为12个月龄婴儿设计教养目标及保教内容。
与模拟方法摄影比较,不是数字摄影优势的是
基准地价使用的限制有()。
下列属于中国人民银行职责的有( )。
附着力法则:流行点的引爆有赖于流行信息的有效传播,流行信息的附着力则在很大程度上决定了信息传播的有效性。信息附着力取决于信息与受众之间关联程度的高低和信息实用性的大小,关联度高、实用性大的流行信息具有更强的附着力,成为流行的引爆点。以下做法不符合附着力法
某科研单位共有68名科研人员,其中45人具有硕士以上学历,30人具有高级职称,12人兼而有之。没有高级职称也没有硕士以上学历的科研人员是多少人?()
在下述计划中,()能基于活动范围和项目规模,制定成本估算数据应精确到的程度。
字符A,B,C一次进入一个栈,按出栈的先后顺序组成不同的字符串,至多可以组成多少个不同的字符串?
【S1】【S4】
A、Toliveamorecomfortablelife.B、Togiveperformances.C、Tobeapupilofafamousviolinist.D、Toenterafamousuniversity
最新回复
(
0
)