首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
The Greek’s lofty attitude toward scientific research--and the scientists’ contempt of utility-was not a long time dying. For a
The Greek’s lofty attitude toward scientific research--and the scientists’ contempt of utility-was not a long time dying. For a
admin
2010-06-30
78
问题
The Greek’s lofty attitude toward scientific research--and the scientists’ contempt of utility-was not a long time dying. For a millennium after Archimedes, this separation of mechanics from geometry prevented fundamental technological progress and in some areas restrained it altogether. But there was a still greater obstacle to change until the very end of the Middle Ages-the organization of society.
The social system of fixed class relationships that prevailed through the Middle Ages itself made improvement impossible. Under this system, the labouring masses, in exchange for the bare necessities of life, did all the productive work, while the privileged few--priests, nobles, and kings--concerned themselves only with ownership and maintenance of their own position. In the interest of their prerogatives they did achieve considerable progress in defence, in war making, in government, in trade, and in the arts of leisure, but they had no familiarity with the processes of production. On the other hand, the labourers, who were familiar with manufacturing techniques, had no incentive to improve or increase production to the advantage of their masters. Thus, with one class possessing the requisite knowledge and experience, but lacking incentive and leisure, and the other class lacking the knowledge and experience, there was no means by which technical progress could be achieved.
The whole ancient world was built upon this relationship--a relationship as sterile as it was inhuman. The availability of slaves made efficient machinery needless. In many of the commonplace fields of human endeavour, actual stagnation prevailed for thousands of years.
For about twenty-five centuries, two thirds of the power of the horse was lost because he wasn’t shod, and much of the strength of the ox was wasted because his harness wasn’t modified to fit his shoulders. For more than five thousand years, sailors were confined to rivers and coasts by a primitive steering mechanism which required remarkable little alteration (in the thirteenth century) to become a rudder(舵).
With any originality at all, the ancient plough could have been put on wheels and the ploughshare shaped to bite and turn the sod instead of merely scratching it--but the originality wasn’t forthcoming. And the villager of the Middle Ages, like the men who first had fire, had a smoke hole in the center of the straw and reed roof of his one room dwelling, while the medieval charcoal burner( like his Stone Age ancestor) make himself a hut of small branches.
According to the passage, lack of technological progress in the ancient and medieval worlds was primarily due to the absence of______.
选项
A、natural resources.
B、inventive ability.
C、people’s desire for the" better things of life".
D、proper social organization.
答案
D
解析
推理判断题。根据第一段的内容,作者用转折连词提出了本文的中心句,也就是说,特别注意第一段末句中的But。原文先提出机械学与几何学的分离阻碍了科学的进步,接着进行了语义的转折,然而更大的障碍是:“organization of society’’(社会结构)。organization of society是obstacle的同位语,所以选项 D为正确答案。而选项A、B和C的内容原文并来提及。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/qRJd777K
本试题收录于:
公共英语四级笔试题库公共英语(PETS)分类
0
公共英语四级笔试
公共英语(PETS)
相关试题推荐
Whatdidthespeakertalkaboutlasttime?
MasstransportationrevisedthesocialandeconomicfabricoftheAmericancityinthreefundamentalways.Itcatalyzedphysical
Periodicallyinhistory,therecomeperiodsofgreattransitioninwhichworkchangesitsmeaning.Therewasatime,perhaps10,
ThoughPaulisdisabled,hemanagedtomovearoundinthehouse.
PaoloFril,chairmanandscientificofficerofGeneDupe,basedinSanMelito,California,isamanwithadream.Thedreamisa
YouwillhearaninterviewwithProf.JesseAusubelabouthisoptimisticattitudestowardsenvironmentalissuestoday.Asyouli
HowdoesReevefeelinacrisis?
A、Toaskthespeakerquestions.B、TodiscussAnimalFarm.C、TowriteessaysonOrwell’slife.D、Toreadthebook1984.B
Twomaintechniqueshavebeenusedfortrainingelephants,whichwemaycallrespectivelythetoughandthegentle.Theformerm
Twomaintechniqueshavebeenusedfortrainingelephants,whichwemaycallrespectivelythetoughandthegentle.Theformerm
随机试题
患者,女,51岁。左腮腺鸡蛋大小肿块5年。肿块生长缓慢,无明显不适,但近2个月来肿块生长变快。并伴轻度疼痛,无发热。检查:肿块位于下极。6cm×5cm大小,结节状,质地偏硬,局部囊性变,活动度差,面神经颊支轻微瘫痪,腮腺导管口不红肿,分泌清亮。该肿块首先应
A.清热泻火B.滋阴润燥C.消肿排脓D.收敛生肌E.消肿生肌生石膏长于()。
钢筋混凝土纯扭构件应如何配筋?
在会计核算软件中,出纳管理功能通常包括()。
个人劳动力供给曲线的形状表明()。
在课堂纪律形成的原因与类型中,以“别人也这么于”为理由而从事某件事属于()。
()是根据监督主体与监督对象的隶属关系划分的类型。
明察即督察人员在公开其督察身份的情况下对公安机关及其人民警察依法履行职责、行使职权和遵守纪律的情况进行监督检查。()
扶贫基金
Theindustrialrevolution(modify)______thewholestructureofEnglishsociety.
最新回复
(
0
)