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  3. The Emic and Etic Approaches Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take

The Emic and Etic Approaches Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take

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问题                      The Emic and Etic Approaches
    Researchers who are unfamiliar with the cultural and ethnic groups they are studying must take extra precautions to shed any biases they bring with them from their own culture. For example, they must make sure they construct measures that are meaningful for each of the cultural or ethnic minority groups being studied.
    In conducting research on cultural and ethnic minority issues, investigators distinguish between the emic approach and the etic approach. In the emic approach, the goal is to describe behavior in one culture or ethnic group in terms that are meaningful and important to the people in that culture or ethnic group, without regard to other cultures or ethnic groups. In the etic approach, the goal is to describe behavior so that generalizations can be made across cultures. If researchers construct a questionnaire in an emic fashion, their concern is only that the questions are meaningful to the particular culture or ethnic group being studied. If, however, the researchers construct a questionnaire in an etic fashion, they want to include questions that reflect concepts familiar to all cultures involved.
    How might the emic and etic approaches be reflected in the study of family processes? In the emic approach, the researchers might choose to focus only on middle-class White families, without regard to whether the information obtained in the study can be generalized or is appropriate for ethnic minority groups. In a subsequent study, the researchers may decide to adopt an etic approach by studying not only middle-class White families, but also lower-income White families, Black American families, Spanish American families, and Asian American families. In studying ethnic minority families, the researchers would likely discover that the extended family is more frequently a support system in ethnic minority families than in White American families. If so, the emic approach would reveal a more different pattern of family interaction than would the etic approach, documenting that research with middle class White families cannot always be generalized to all ethnic groups.
What does the author say about the emic approach and the eric approach?
选项 A、They have different research focuses in the study of ethnic issues.
B、The former is biased while the latter is objective.
C、The former concentrates on the study of culture while the letter on family issues.
D、They are both heavily dependent on questionnaires in conducting surveys.
答案A
解析 第二段分别具体地介绍并区分了“the emic approach”和“the etic approach”两种方法为不同的研究项目服务。显然A项所表达的意思最能概括第二段的核心内容。
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