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  3. The medical wrongdoing debate often pits physicians—who say the threat of lawsuits pushes them to order expensive, unnecessary t

The medical wrongdoing debate often pits physicians—who say the threat of lawsuits pushes them to order expensive, unnecessary t

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问题     The medical wrongdoing debate often pits physicians—who say the threat of lawsuits pushes them to order expensive, unnecessary tests—against lawyers who believe that lawsuits are needed to hold doctors accountable.
    Obviously, no one wants medical mistakes. And no one, perhaps with the exception of lawyers, wants lawsuits, which put the victims, their families and the doctors involved through painful affairs.
    How can physicians avoid the courtroom? If an error was made, many insurers advise physicians not to talk to patients. That’s wrong. Physicians should disclose their mistake, apologize and, when appropriate and through mutual agreement, compensate injured patients.
    For more than a decade, the University of Michigan Health System has used such a program, and its incidence of has since dropped 36% . This approach should be spread nationwide. Actually, in 2005, Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama co-sponsored the National MEDiC Act, which among other things would have implemented apology laws throughout the U. S.
    Doctors also must create and maintain open lines of communication with patients, which is critical to preventing lawsuits in the first place. Doctors have to better explain, and patients better understand, that not all adverse outcomes are due to physician errors.
    Consider the seemingly simple task of dispensing (配药) a drug at a hospital. It’s actually a complex process that requires five interdependent steps: ordering, transcribing, dispensing, delivering and administering. A poorly designed system can lead to an error in any of those steps, with a potentially deadly outcome. Bad outcomes can also occur despite proper patient care.
    Finally, fewer lawsuits might lead to better medical treatment. A 2011 study from the Journal of the American College of Surgeons found that doctors who had been sued were more prone to burnout, depression and suicide, and, in turn, often make significantly more mistakes.
    There’s no cure-all for eliminating mistakes, but a starting point is clearly communication. Better doctor-patient exchanges improve medicine, and when patients and their families are kept in the loop, they also are less likely to pursue a lawsuit. And, then, if errors are made, doctors should apologize and work with the patient and, when necessary, their lawyer, to find a compromise.
What can we learn from Para. 6 about the task of dispensing a drug?
选项 A、It may lead to death if poorly designed.
B、It is the simplest task in a hospital.
C、It will lead to better medical treatment.
D、It includes five isolated steps.
答案A
解析 推理判断题。本题考查配药的相关信息。定位句指出，一个设计糟糕的配药系统可能导致配药的任何一个环节出错，甚至可能产生致命的错误。即便采取了正确的治疗手段，最后结果也可能是糟糕的。由此可推断出A)“配药工作在设计不好的情况下可能导致死亡”正确。B)“配药工作是医院里最简单的工作”和C)“配药工作会产生更好的治疗”均与原文意思不符，故排除；D)“配药工作包含五个独立的步骤”和原文意思不符，原文中使用了interdependent一词，意为这些步骤之间是相互联系的，故排除。
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