2. 考研
  3. [A] This interpretation was challenged in a recent paper. After reviewing the research literature, the authors concluded that na

[A] This interpretation was challenged in a recent paper. After reviewing the research literature, the authors concluded that na

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问题    [A] This interpretation was challenged in a recent paper. After reviewing the research literature, the authors concluded that narcissism and self-esteem are much more distinct than conventional wisdom has led us to believe. Statistically speaking, they are only weakly correlated. Narcissists can be low in self-esteem, and high self-esteem does not imply narcissism. Narcissists feel superior to others, believe they are entitled to privileges, and crave admiration. They think the world would be a much better place if it revolved around them. And when they think it doesn’t, they lash out aggressively. High self-esteemers, by contrast, feel satisfied with themselves as a person, but don’t see themselves as any better than others.
   [B] Since the 1970s, Western parents have become increasingly concerned with building children’s self-esteem. Parents intuitively believe that high self-esteem is key to success, health, and well-being, and they try to raise self-esteem by telling children that they are unique and extraordinary. Unfortunately, there is some evidence that since the very same decade, Western youth have become increasingly narcissistic. The conclusion would seem obvious: in raising our children’s self-esteem too much, we have necessarily turned them into narcissists.
   [C] Narcissism is cultivated by parental overvaluation: parents seeing their child as unique and extraordinary individual. Overvaluing parents have been found to overestimate, over-claim, and overpraise their child’s qualities. Overvaluing parents think their child is smarter than he or she actually is. They claim their child has knowledge of a wide variety of topics, even topics that cannot possibly be known by the child. And they lavish their child with praise, even when the child doesn’t perform well. Over time, these practices can teach children to see themselves as unique and extraordinary individuals.
   [D] Thus, narcissism doesn’t arise from having too much self-esteem. It arises, in part, from practices that are intended to raise self-esteem but actually raise narcissism. When parents try to raise children’s self-esteem, they intuitively tell them that they are unique and extraordinary—the very practice that raises narcissism rather than self-esteem. The self-esteem movement was right about one thing: raising self-esteem is important. Although certainly not a panacea, self-esteem brings happiness and satisfying social relationships. But the movement was wrong about another thing: raising self-esteem isn’t easy.
   [E] This distinction is key to rethinking our efforts to boost children’s self-esteem. Once we recognize the fine line that runs between narcissism and self-esteem, we can help children develop healthy views of themselves. Why do some children believe they’re God’s gift to humanity, while other children like themselves but don’t see themselves as any better than their fellow humans? Narcissism and self-esteem are both partly heritable, but they’re also shaped by childhood experiences. The authors studied the childhood origins of narcissism and self-esteem, and discovered that they’re quite distinct.
   [F] How can we effectively raise children’s self-esteem? Psychologists often tell us to trust our intuition, but as we’ve seen, intuition isn’t always the best parenting guide, for what seems intuitively right can breed narcissism. Rather than telling children they’re unique snowflakes, we should make children feel loved and valued, so they grow up liking themselves without seeing themselves as superior to others.
   [G] Self-esteem, on the other hand, is cultivated by parental warmth: parents expressing fondness and affection for their child. This isn’t anything like overvaluing children. Warm parents share joy with their child, show interest in the child’s activities, and make the child feel loved and valued. Over time, these practices can teach children to see themselves as worthy individuals—not as any better or worse than other individuals.
   
选项
答案B
解析 本题可先用排除法。A和D的位置已经给出，不用考虑。E首句的This distinction和G首句的on the other hand都提示这两段前面均有上文与之对应，故排除。剩下B、C、F三段。B说的是自恋和自尊的关系，C说的是自恋产生的根源，F说的是如何有效地培养孩子的自尊心。根据已给出的第二段(即A)开头的This interpretation可知，第一段末尾应提到某种观点或说法，且该说法与A第二、第三句提到的结论(自恋与自尊有很大区别，二者并无很强的联系)相反。B最符合要求，B先提出过多培养自尊心会导致自恋，接着A对此提出反驳(其中This interpretation即指B末尾处的结论)。指出自尊和自恋相差甚远。无甚关联。B和A的逻辑关系紧密，语义衔接顺畅，故确定B为本题答案。
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