首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals to
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals to
admin
2017-02-01
34
问题
We sometimes think humans are uniquely vulnerable to anxiety, but stress seems to affect the immune defenses of lower animals too In one experiment, for example, behavioral immunologist(免疫学家)Mark Laudenslager, at the University of Denver, gave mild electric shocks to 24 rats. Half the animals could switch off the current by turning a wheel in their enclosure, while the other half could not The rats in the two groups were paired so that each time one rat turned the wheel it protected both itself and its helpless partner from the shock. Laudenslager found that the immune response was depressed below normal in the helpless rats but not in those that could turn off the electricity. What he has demonstrated, he believes, is that lack of control over an event, not the experience itself, is what weakens the immune system.
Other researchers agree. Jay Weiss, a psychologist at Duke University School of Medicine, has shown that animals who are allowed to control unpleasant stimuli don’t develop sleep disturbances or changes in brain chemistry typical of stressed rats. But if the animals are confronted with situations they have no control over, they later behave passively when faced with experiences they can control. Such findings reinforce psychologists’ suspicions that the experience or perception of helplessness is one of the most harmful factors in depression.
One of the most startling examples of how the mind can alter the immune response was discovered by chance. In 1975 psychologist Robert Ader at the University of Rochester School of Medicine conditioned(使形成条件反射)mice to avoid saccharin(糖精)by simultaneously feeding them the sweetener and injecting them with a drug that while suppressing their immune systems caused stomach upsets. Associating the saccharin with the stomach pains, the mice quickly learned to avoid the sweetener. In order to extinguish this dislike for the sweetener, Ader reexposed the animals to saccharin, this time without the drug, and was astonished to find that those mice that had received the highest amounts of sweetener during their earlier conditioning died. He could only speculate that he had so successfully conditioned the rats that saccharin alone now served to weaken their immune systems enough to kill them.
The reason why the mice in Ader’s experiment avoided saccharin was that_____.
选项
A、they disliked its taste
B、it affected their immune systems
C、it led to stomach pains
D、they associated it with stomachaches
答案
D
解析
根据文章末段:在实验中,老鼠被喂食了大量糖精,并注射能抑制其免疫系统功能的药物而造成胃疼。因此老鼠将糖精与胃疼联系起来,并迅速学会了不吃糖精,D与文中所表达的意思一致。A、B在文中并没有提及;文中提到是药物导致胃疼,而并非糖精,故C错。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/qlF7777K
0
大学英语六级
相关试题推荐
Languageistheroadmapofaculture.Ittellsyouwhereitspeoplecomefromandwheretheyaregoing.AstudyoftheEnglish
Languageistheroadmapofaculture.Ittellsyouwhereitspeoplecomefromandwheretheyaregoing.AstudyoftheEnglish
Americannewspapersarereportingwhatsomepeoplefearistheslowdeathoftheirownindustry.Newspapersearnmostoftheirm
A、Heisfromanislandcountry.B、HespeaksFrenchwell.C、Hehasnoproblemcommunicatingwithothers.D、Hegetsalongwithoth
A、Itisgreatbutnotverylarge.B、ItisthelargestshoppingcenterinAmerica.C、Itprovidescomprehensiveservicesforcusto
Overtheyears,relaxationtraininghasbeenrecommendedtopatientswithvariousstress-relateddisorderssuchaschronicpain
Dohalfofallmarriagesreallyendindivorce?It’sprobablythemostoften【B1】_____statisticaboutmodernlove.Butinanupbe
A、Inastudentcenter.B、Inaprofessor’soffice.C、Inarestaurant.D、Inadoctor’soffice.B校园生活类,场景推断题。女士需要男士在计划书导师签名处签名,男士表示
中国是一个历史悠久的文明古国,也是一个充满时代生机的东方大国,拥有许多得天独厚的旅游资源。自然风光旖旎秀美(picturesque),历史文化博大精深,目前已有29处被列为世界文化和自然遗产地(theworldculturalandnaturalh
A、Marydoesn’thavemuchtalentforthepiano.B、Marytaughtherselftoplaytheguitar.C、Marypreferstoplaytheguitarnow.
随机试题
社会主义精神文明建设的性质和方向取决于()
磺酰脲类药物能有效治疗糖尿病的作用机制是
沟固位形固位沟的深度一般为
静脉注射甘露醇引起尿量增加是通过
如果政府采取强有力的宏观搁控政策,紧缩银根,企业的投资和经营会受到影响,盈利下降,证券市场市值就可能缩水。()
企业采取保守型营运资本投资政策,产生的结果是()。
自春节开始,微博打拐如火如荼,成为一场公民行动,也得到公安机关的高度认可;另一方面,微博打拐也频现乌龙,冤枉好人。享受权利的代价是容忍他人正当行使权利时给自己带来的某些不便,这是现代公民应有的权利常识。打击拐卖儿童这种社会危害极大的犯罪行为,是每个社会成员
关于我国2018年公布的《行政区划管理条例》,下列说法正确的是:
1935年1月15日至17日召开的遵义会议集中解决了()
A、 B、 C、 D、 A
最新回复
(
0
)