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  3. Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven

Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven

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问题     Justice in society must include both a fair trial to the accused and the selection of an appropriate punishment for those proven utility. Because justice is regarded as one form of equality, we find in its earlier expression the idea of a punishment equal to the crime. Recorded in the Old Testament is the expression "an eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth." That is, the individual who has done wrong has committed an offense, society must get even. This can be done only by inflicting an equal injury upon him. This conception of retributive justice is reflected in many parts of the legal codes and procedures of modern times. It is illustrated when demand the death penalty for a person who has committed murder. This philosophy of punishment was supported by the German idealist Hegel. He believed that society owed it to the criminal to administer a punishment equal to the crime he had committed. The criminal had by his own actions denied his true self and it is necessary to do something that will counteract the denial and restore the self has been denied. To the murderer nothing less than giving up his own life will pay his debt. The exaction of the death penalty is a right the state owes the criminal and it should not deny him his true.
    Modem jurists have tried to replace retributive justice with the notion of corrective justice. The aim of the latter is not to abandon the concept of equality but to find a more adequate way to express it. It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity for each individual to realize the best that is in him. The criminal is regarded as being socially ill and in need of treatment that will enable him to become a normal member society. Before a treatment can be administered, the cause of his antisocial behavior must be found. If the cause can be removed, provisions must be made to have this done. Only those criminal who are incurable should be permanently separated from the rest of society. This does not mean that criminals will escape punishment or be quickly returned to take up careers of crime. It means that justice is to heal the individual, not simply to get even with him, If severe punishment is the only adequate means for accomplishing this, it should be administered. However, the individual should be given every opportunity to assume a normal place in society. His conviction of crime must not deprive him of the opportunity to make his way in the society of which he is a part.
The passage implies that the basic difference between retributive justice and corrective justice is the______.
选项 A、type of crime that was proven
B、severity of the punishment
C、reason for the sentence
D、outcome of the trial
答案C
解析 本题为为推断题。两种司法审判类型不同的根本原因在于司法理念的不同。Retributive justice认为：“…regarded as one form of equality”(司法公正是一种平等的形式)，而corrective justice认为“The aim of it is not to abandon the concept of equality but tofind a more adequate way to express it．It tries to preserve the idea of equal opportunity foreach individual to realize the best that is in him．”(司法公正并不是不要平等，而是要找到一个更充分地表达平等的方式)，所以两者之间最主要的差异应该是判刑的原因。因此，C选项正确。
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