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  3. In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence(AI)predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversi

In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence(AI)predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversi

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问题     In the 1950s, the pioneers of artificial intelligence(AI)predicted that, by the end of this century, computers would be conversing with us at work and robots would be performing our housework. But as useful as computers are, they’re nowhere close to achieving anything remotely resembling these early aspirations for humanlike behavior. Never mind something as complex as conversation: the most powerful computers struggle to reliably recognize the shape of an object, the most elementary of tasks for a ten-month-old kid.
    A growing group of AI researchers think they know where the field went wrong. The problem, the scientists say, is that AI has been trying to separate the highest, most abstract levels of thought, like language and mathematics, and to duplicate them with logical, step-by-step programs. A new movement in AI, on the other hand, takes a closer look at the more roundabout way in which nature came up with intelligence. Many of these researchers study evolution and natural adaptation instead of formal logic and conventional computer programs. Rather than digital computers and transistors, some want to work with brain cells and proteins. The results of these early efforts are as promising as they are peculiar, and the new nature-based AI movement is slowly but surely moving to the forefront of the field.
    Imitating the brain’s neural(神经的)network is a huge step in the right direction, says computer scientist and biophysicist Michael Conrad, but it still misses an important aspect of natural intelligence. "People tend to treat the brain as if it were made up of color-coded transistors," he explains. "But it’s not simply a clever network of switches. There are lots of important things going on inside the brain cells themselves. " Specifically, Conrad believes that many of the brain’s capabilities stem from the pattern-recognition proficiency of the individual molecules that make up each brain cell. The best way to build an artificially intelligent device, he claims, would be to build it around the same sort of molecular skills.
    Right now, the notion that conventional computers and software are fundamentally incapable of matching the processes that take place in the brain remains controversial. But if it proves true, then the efforts of Conrad and his fellow AI rebels could turn out to be the only game in town.
Conrad and his group of AI researchers have been making enormous efforts to______.
选项 A、find a roundabout way to design powerful computers
B、build a computer using a clever network of switches
C、find out how intelligence developed in nature
D、separate the highest and most abstract levels of thought
答案C
解析 本题问Conrad和他的人工智能研究人员正在努力做什么。文章第3段谈到这个问题。Conrad认为，模拟人脑的神经网是向正确方向的一大进步，但是它仍然忽视了人脑智能的一个重要方面。他解释说，人们倾向于把大脑看做是由色彩代码的处理器组成的，但是，它并不仅仅是一个更聪明的处理器。大脑细胞本身存在许多重要的东西。Con—rad尤其认为，大脑的许多功能起源于构成单个大脑细胞的独立分子的模式确认能力。建立人工智能的最好方式是建立相似类型的分子的功能。故选C项。
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