首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Controlling Your Concentration I. The concerned information of concentration A. Your attention span【T1】______【T1】______ e.g. th
Controlling Your Concentration I. The concerned information of concentration A. Your attention span【T1】______【T1】______ e.g. th
admin
2018-05-24
40
问题
Controlling Your Concentration
I. The concerned information of concentration
A. Your attention span【T1】______【T1】______
e.g. the ticking of a watch sounds
as if it increases and fades
although the intensity of it is constant
B. You pay attention to one thing at a time
— a(n)【T2】______: you attend to several concepts at a tune【T2】______
— In high concentration: the shift from focus of attention is
a)of short【T3】______【T3】______
b)【T4】______【T4】______
C.【T5】______ of your attention vary to different degrees【T5】______
— high level: long periods of attending: short distraction periods
— low level: short periods of attending: long distraction periods
— moderate level:【T6】______【T6】______
e.g. One can’t concentrate because【T7】______ are too strong【T7】______
II. Two sorts of distractors
A. Psychological distractors
—【T8】______ are the most powerful distractors【T8】______
a)angry man forgets the pain
b)fearful man is hard to be happy
c)anxious man is uneasy about the smallest of matters
— people act【T9】______ under pressure【T9】______
B.【T10】______【T10】______
— traits: always present and rarely understood
— physical distractors on mental tasks
a)background music could affect
comprehension and【T11】______【T11】______
b)distractors affect the ability to recall accurately
c)【T12】______ affects mental task adversely【T12】______
III. Routine and【T13】______ are affected differently by distractors【T13】______
A. Distraction may not affect【T14】______in some backgrounds【T14】______
B. Exceptional people do well under【T15】______ because【T15】______
— motivation plays importantly
— differences exist in individual spans of attention
【T15】
Controlling Your Concentration
Good morning, everyone. Today our topic is on how to control your concentration. First of all, we have to look at definition of concentration. Psychologically defined, concentration is the process of centering one’s attention over a period of time. In practical application, however, concentration is not as simple to deal successfully with as the definition may imply. For this reason, it is helpful to keep the following points in mind.
The first point your attention span varies. Even with the greatest effort, our span of attention fluctuates. You can demonstrate for yourself this fluctuation of attention. In a quiet room, place a watch so that it can just scarcely be heard. Listen carefully and notice how the ticking increases in apparent intensity, fades to a point where it cannot be heard, and then increases a-gain. This phenomenon reveals how our span of attention fluctuates, for the intensity of the ticking is actually constant.
Secondly, you pay attention to one thing at a time. Evidence to date indicates that you attend to one idea at a time. It is possible for your attention to shift so rapidly that it seems that you attend to several concepts at once. But apparently this is only an illusion. In high concentration the shift from the focus of attention is of short duration and relatively infrequent.
Thirdly, we will talk about levels of high, moderate, and low attention. High-level attention has long periods of attending and short distraction periods. In low-level attention the periods of attending are short and the distraction periods long. In moderate-level attention, there is a mixture of the extremes. Thus it is easy to see that it is highly unlikely that the student who has most of his attention centered on fancying at large will be able to recall even the major points of a lecture. Lack of concentration is a symptom, not a cause, of difficulty. When a student says "I can’t concentrate", what he is really saying is, "I can’t attend to the task at hand because my distractors are too strong."
Fourthly, we come to the two sorts of distractors—psychological and physical. A distractor is anything which causes attention to vary from a central focal point. In the study situation distractors may be thought of as either psychological or physical in nature. Both types of distractors must be understood before the student can attempt to remedy his lack of concentration It has been proven by scientists that emotions are the most powerful distractors. The angry man forgets the pain of injury, the fearful man finds it difficult to enjoy pleasure and the tense or anxious person may react violently to the smallest of matters. In the student’s life there are many psychological pressures and tensions which block effective productivity. The fears about making the grade, the doubts of the friendliness of a friend’s behaviour and the pressures of limited finances—these are only a few of the emotional forces which affect the student. Emotional reaction varies greatly from person to person. Some persons gain goal and direction from their tensions and actually do better because of them. Others fall apart under pressure, while a few people do well despite the pressure. Physical distractors are always present and rarely understood. Our environment is much more important to how we feel and react than we often think. Particularly is this true of the effect of physical distractors on mental tasks. One research report has shown that comprehension and retention of reading were decreased when students listened to lively music. However, rate of reading was not affected, so that many students were not aware that they were affected by the background distractor. Another study found that the ability to recall accurately was affected by distracting conditions. Most of the evidence indicates that noise affects adversely higher mental task output. Still, the effect of distractors is seldom fully appreciated by students.
Next, we are going to talk about routine and reasoning tasks are affected differently by distractors. Many routine tasks can be performed with distraction in the background with little or no adverse effect on output. Most students have found this fact to be true from their own experience. They may have had high school homework which was drill or merely copying assignments. It was possible to do such work with the latest recordings or the television set playing in the background. In time such students began to feel certain that they could do all work—routine or problem-solving—in the same manner. The evidence indicates the contrary conclusion.
Last but not least, we’ve got to remember that exceptions may mislead you. Typically when students are faced with the evidence on distractors the argument is given that their cousin, friend, or classmate can study in "Grand Central Station" And he makes "all A’s" too! There is evidence, of course, that motivation plays an important role in overcoming the effects of distractors and that there are considerable differences in individual spans of attention. Either of these factors could account for some individuals being able to do well using inefficient methods. The fact that some exceptional people do well under adverse conditions scarcely justifies your assuming that you are exceptional in the same manner. Your chances of success are higher if you avoid the distracters which are known to hinder the typical student.
To sum up what we have discussed today. Generally speaking, today we mainly focused on concentrations and we have provided with you six suggestions on how to control your concentration. We hope these suggestions will be helpful.
选项
答案
adverse conditions
解析
录音原文提到“有些人能在不利条件下(adverse conditions)做得很好”,此处讲的是例外的情况。空白处应填入adverse conditions。若笔记没有记录,依据题目exceptional people do well可推测,这些个别的人或者例外的情况应当是不常见的,即与正常情况相反,结合题目,可推测答案应为adverse conditions。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/rAoK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
FiveTypesofBooksI.IntroductionA.Readingforinformation,hopingto—improveourmindswiththeinformationacquired—g
FiveTypesofBooksI.IntroductionA.Readingforinformation,hopingto—improveourmindswiththeinformationacquired—g
A、Neitherofthemacceptsanyairwayletters.B、Theybothdelivermailstotheaddresseeinperson.C、BothrequirethattheAdvi
Non-VerbalCommunicationInthistalk,wearegoingtotalkaboutthedefinitionofnon-verbalcommunication,dimensionsof
DifferentTypesofLearningI.ThedefinitionoflearningA.AprocessofpeopleexperiencingrelationshipbetweeneventsB.【T1】
HowPracticeCanDamageYourEnglishI.NewinterpretationsofspeakingandwritinginlearningEnglishA.Speakingandwriting
MeaninginLiteratureInreadingliteraryworks,weareconcernedwiththe’meaning’ofoneliterarypieceoranother.Howev
MeaninginLiteratureInreadingliteraryworks,weareconcernedwiththe’meaning’ofoneliterarypieceoranother.Howev
SomeTheoriesofHistoryI.TheproblemsofunderstandinghistoryHistorywithwrittenrecords:therecordsmaybe【T1】______
随机试题
如何回答( )问题是划分唯物主义和唯心主义的唯一标准
什么气体不能作为超声造影剂
支气管扩张症最主要的表现是结核中毒症状是指
《刑法》第171条第1款前段规定:出售、购买伪造的货币或者明知是伪造的货币而运输,数额较大的,处3年以下有期徒刑或者拘役,并处2万元以上20万元以下罚金。关于本条的理解,下列哪一项说法是正确的?
我国会计实务中,不作为应收票据核算的期票据有()。
货币市场的特征包括()。
(2013江苏·A类)一个公比为2的等比数列,第n项与前n-1项和的差等于5,则此数列前4项之和为:
阅读下列材料,回答问题:材料一∶综察现在统治世界各国之政府,虽形式互殊,而其理论之立场,大要除传授的君权神圣说不必计议外,约可概分为三,而主党治者居其二。第一,法西斯蒂之政治理论,本超象主义之精神,依国家机体学说为根据,以工团组织为运用,认定国家为至高
A、 B、 C、 C原句说的是“上个假期他坐飞机回家的”(Lastvacation,hetookanairplanetogohome.)。而图片[A]画的是小轿车,图片[B]画的是火车,图片[C]是飞机,只
中国是茶的故乡,茶是中国的国饮。中国人最懂茶趣,也最讲究饮茶艺术。中国人喝茶是长期奉行的习惯,喝茶与中国人的人生有千丝万缕的联系,所以,喝茶不仅可以清心悦神,而且可以使人感受到一种人生的诗意。在中国大部分地区,沿袭明清传统,以轻饮雅赏的
最新回复
(
0
)