首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Humanities Disciplines In many people’s eyes, the humanities disciplines seem to be dying out. However, actually, students conti
Humanities Disciplines In many people’s eyes, the humanities disciplines seem to be dying out. However, actually, students conti
admin
2011-02-11
32
问题
Humanities Disciplines
In many people’s eyes, the humanities disciplines seem to be dying out.
However, actually, students continue to enroll in humanities courses and
lots of scholarship is still published. The humanities disciplines feel
dislocated, because they appear to have lost their 【1】______. 【1】______
And the most important one is exactly what those roots were.
The history of higher education in the United States since 【2】______ can 【2】______
be divided into 2 periods.
Ⅰ. The first period (1945—1975):
A period of 【3】______and known in the literature on American 【3】______
education as the Golden Age, during which the composition of the higher
education system changed not too much, but the size of the system
【4】______ dramatically. 【4】______
This expansion includes three factors:
1)The baby boom: a period of record 【5】______that followed a period of 【5】______
record low blah rates—the 【6】______and the Second World War; 【6】______
2)The relatively high domestic economic growth rate after 【7】______; 【7】______
3)The Cold War: American university had been drawn into the business of
government-related 【8】______research during the Second World War. 【8】______
IL The second period (1975—present)
A period of 【9】______, during which the size of the system has grown at a much【9】______
more 【10】______pace, and the composition has changed dramatically. 【10】______
【1】
Humanities Disciplines
Good morning, everyone. Today we are going to talk about humanities disciplines.
Many people say that the humanities disciplines have collapsed, but for the most part they do not say this with a huge amount of anxiety. Students continue to enroll in humanities courses; they continue to go to graduate schools so that they can some day teach humanities courses themselves, and a great deal of scholarship is still published. It is comforting to assume that as long as these conditions obtain, the disciplinary situation will shake itself out. I have no idea whether or not the complacent attitude will prove to be the wise attitude, though it often does. I do think, however, that the humanities disciplines are facing a crisis of rationale, and sooner or. later crises of rationale can lead to crises of funding, and those, at least, are serious. The humanities occupy only a comer of the higher education marketplace, but it has historically been a very prestigious corner. Although no one is likely to take the trouble to cut the humanities disciplines off, there is some fear that the action, including the funding, is moving into areas of teaching and research that can demonstrate a more obvious market utility. The humanities disciplines don’ t seem to be dying out, but they do feel dislocated. They are institutionally insecure because they appear to have lost their philosophical roots. The question I attempt to address is exactly what those roots were in the first place.
The history of higher education in the United States since the Second World War can be divided into two periods. The first period, from 1945 to 1975, was a period of expansion. The composition of the higher education system remained more or less the same--in certain respects, the system became more uniform--but the size of the system increased dramatically. This is the period known in the literature on American education as the Golden Age. The second period, from 1975 to the present, has not been honored with a special name. It is a period not of expansion, but of diversification. Since 1975, the size of the system has grown at a much more modest pace, but the composition—who is taught, who does the teaching, and what they teach—has changed dramatically. You cannot understand the second phase, the phase the university is in now, unless you understand the first.
In the Golden Age, between 1945 and 1975, the number of American undergraduates increased by almost 500 percent and the number of graduate students increased by nearly 900 percent.
Three external factors account for this expansion: the first was the baby boom; the second was the relatively high domestic economic growth rate after 1948; and the third was the Cold War. What is sometimes forgotten about the baby boom is that it was a period of record high birth rates that followed a period of record low birth rates--the Depression and the Second World War. When Americans began reproducing at the rate of four million births a year, beginning in 1946, it represented a sharp spike on the chart. The system had grown accustomed to abnormally small demographic cohorts.
The role played by the Cold War in the expansion of higher education is well known. The American university had
been drawn into the business of government-related scientific research during the Second World War. At the time of the First World War, scientific research for military purposes had been carded out by military personnel, so-called "soldier- scientists". Then there was an idea to contract this work out to research universities, scientific institutes, and indepen- dent private laboratories instead. In 1945 was organized the publication of a report, Science--The Endless Frontier, which became the standard argument for government subvention of basic science in peacetime, and which launched the collaboration between American universities and the national government. Bush is the godfather of the system known as contract overhead-.-the practice of billing granting agencies of indirect costs, an idea m which many humanists owe their careers. Then, in 1957, came Sputnik. Though it had the size and lethal potential of a beach ball, Sputnik stirred up a panic in the United States. Among the responses (including, possibly, the election of John F. Kennedy in 1960) was the passage of the National Defense Education Act of 1958. The Act put the federal government, for the first time, into the business of subsidizing higher education directly, rather than through government contracts for specific research. Before 1958, public support had been administered at the state level.
选项
答案
philosophical roots
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/rIYO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Shakespeare’sgreatesttragediesare_______.
A、Virtualglobaleducationsystemwillreplaceuniversityinthefuture.B、Universitywillcontinuetoplayakeyroleinthefu
ClassificationofLodgingPlacesThetouristindustryhasitsownsystemtoclassifydifferenttypesoflodgingplaces.Five
Ordinarypeople’slivesaregovernedbyformsandnoticefromthemoment【M1】______heirbirthisregistereduntilthedayth
Ordinarypeople’slivesaregovernedbyformsandnoticefromthemoment【M1】______heirbirthisregistereduntilthedayth
Ordinarypeople’slivesaregovernedbyformsandnoticefromthemoment【M1】______heirbirthisregistereduntilthedayth
AtthebeginningofARoseforEmily,FaulknerusesafigurativelanguagetodescribetheplacewhereEmilylives.Thehouseis
ThesuccessofJaneEyreisnotonlybecauseofitssharpcriticismoftheexistingsociety,butalsoduetoitsintroductionto
A、onehasbeenadmittedtoadesignatedcourseB、onehasbeeninBritainforthreeyearsbeforeacoursebeginsC、onehasattend
A、Anhourbeforesunset.B、Anhouraftersunset.C、Anhourbeforesunrise.D、Anhouraftersunrise.B新闻中提到航天飞机于下午8点39分,也就是日落一小时后
随机试题
ZKD是一家传统家具生产公司,为取得市场竞争优势,实施了电子商务战略。ZKD在战略转型过程中解决了很多问题,如数据缺乏规范、平台不统一、信息孤岛多、内部信息系统功能不完善等。转型后,ZKD的生产方式也发生了重大变化。请回答:什么是电子商务战略?
固定资产的损耗分为()
下列关于心前区震颤特点的叙述,错误的是
下列关于DNA双螺旋模型的叙述,错误的是
下列选项中,树突状细胞不包括
A.惊恐伤肾B.心脾两虚C.脾肾阴虚D.肝郁不舒E.肾阳不足阳事不举,神疲倦怠,畏寒肢冷,多见于()。
某企业生产一种特效驱蚊虫的日用品,经过几年的发展,已经成为国内市场占有率最大的企业。在企业发展的过程中,发现国内市场已经饱和,其规模已经很难满足企业进一步的发展,该企业领导人将眼光投向了近邻东南亚国家,发现在这些东南亚国家市场上尚无与本企业类似产品,而消费
地陪的主要职责侧重于()。
小李从部队退役后到某物业管理公司工作。为了尽快适应新的工作岗位,小李认真阅读该公司近五年来的资料,积极参加公司组织的培训,周末他还到驻点服务的小区走访,了解居民的具体需求。一年工作下来,小李得到公司领导和居民的一致好评,还被评为“年度优秀员工”。从社会环境
根据我国国防动员法的有关规定,在国家的主权、统一、领土完整和安全遭受威胁时,决定全国总动员或局部动员和发布动员令的分别是()。
最新回复
(
0
)