首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Humanities Disciplines In many people’s eyes, the humanities disciplines seem to be dying out. However, actually, students conti
Humanities Disciplines In many people’s eyes, the humanities disciplines seem to be dying out. However, actually, students conti
admin
2011-02-11
27
问题
Humanities Disciplines
In many people’s eyes, the humanities disciplines seem to be dying out.
However, actually, students continue to enroll in humanities courses and
lots of scholarship is still published. The humanities disciplines feel
dislocated, because they appear to have lost their 【1】______. 【1】______
And the most important one is exactly what those roots were.
The history of higher education in the United States since 【2】______ can 【2】______
be divided into 2 periods.
Ⅰ. The first period (1945—1975):
A period of 【3】______and known in the literature on American 【3】______
education as the Golden Age, during which the composition of the higher
education system changed not too much, but the size of the system
【4】______ dramatically. 【4】______
This expansion includes three factors:
1)The baby boom: a period of record 【5】______that followed a period of 【5】______
record low blah rates—the 【6】______and the Second World War; 【6】______
2)The relatively high domestic economic growth rate after 【7】______; 【7】______
3)The Cold War: American university had been drawn into the business of
government-related 【8】______research during the Second World War. 【8】______
IL The second period (1975—present)
A period of 【9】______, during which the size of the system has grown at a much【9】______
more 【10】______pace, and the composition has changed dramatically. 【10】______
【1】
Humanities Disciplines
Good morning, everyone. Today we are going to talk about humanities disciplines.
Many people say that the humanities disciplines have collapsed, but for the most part they do not say this with a huge amount of anxiety. Students continue to enroll in humanities courses; they continue to go to graduate schools so that they can some day teach humanities courses themselves, and a great deal of scholarship is still published. It is comforting to assume that as long as these conditions obtain, the disciplinary situation will shake itself out. I have no idea whether or not the complacent attitude will prove to be the wise attitude, though it often does. I do think, however, that the humanities disciplines are facing a crisis of rationale, and sooner or. later crises of rationale can lead to crises of funding, and those, at least, are serious. The humanities occupy only a comer of the higher education marketplace, but it has historically been a very prestigious corner. Although no one is likely to take the trouble to cut the humanities disciplines off, there is some fear that the action, including the funding, is moving into areas of teaching and research that can demonstrate a more obvious market utility. The humanities disciplines don’ t seem to be dying out, but they do feel dislocated. They are institutionally insecure because they appear to have lost their philosophical roots. The question I attempt to address is exactly what those roots were in the first place.
The history of higher education in the United States since the Second World War can be divided into two periods. The first period, from 1945 to 1975, was a period of expansion. The composition of the higher education system remained more or less the same--in certain respects, the system became more uniform--but the size of the system increased dramatically. This is the period known in the literature on American education as the Golden Age. The second period, from 1975 to the present, has not been honored with a special name. It is a period not of expansion, but of diversification. Since 1975, the size of the system has grown at a much more modest pace, but the composition—who is taught, who does the teaching, and what they teach—has changed dramatically. You cannot understand the second phase, the phase the university is in now, unless you understand the first.
In the Golden Age, between 1945 and 1975, the number of American undergraduates increased by almost 500 percent and the number of graduate students increased by nearly 900 percent.
Three external factors account for this expansion: the first was the baby boom; the second was the relatively high domestic economic growth rate after 1948; and the third was the Cold War. What is sometimes forgotten about the baby boom is that it was a period of record high birth rates that followed a period of record low birth rates--the Depression and the Second World War. When Americans began reproducing at the rate of four million births a year, beginning in 1946, it represented a sharp spike on the chart. The system had grown accustomed to abnormally small demographic cohorts.
The role played by the Cold War in the expansion of higher education is well known. The American university had
been drawn into the business of government-related scientific research during the Second World War. At the time of the First World War, scientific research for military purposes had been carded out by military personnel, so-called "soldier- scientists". Then there was an idea to contract this work out to research universities, scientific institutes, and indepen- dent private laboratories instead. In 1945 was organized the publication of a report, Science--The Endless Frontier, which became the standard argument for government subvention of basic science in peacetime, and which launched the collaboration between American universities and the national government. Bush is the godfather of the system known as contract overhead-.-the practice of billing granting agencies of indirect costs, an idea m which many humanists owe their careers. Then, in 1957, came Sputnik. Though it had the size and lethal potential of a beach ball, Sputnik stirred up a panic in the United States. Among the responses (including, possibly, the election of John F. Kennedy in 1960) was the passage of the National Defense Education Act of 1958. The Act put the federal government, for the first time, into the business of subsidizing higher education directly, rather than through government contracts for specific research. Before 1958, public support had been administered at the state level.
选项
答案
philosophical roots
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/rIYO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
ItusedtobesaidthatEnglishpeopletaketheirpleasuresadly.Nodoubtthiswouldstillbetrueiftheyhadanypleasureto
StudyActivitiesinUniversityInordertohelpcollegeanduniversitystudentsintheprocessoflearning,fourkeystudy
Identicaltwinspossessexactlythesamesetofgenes.Yetastheygrowolder,theymaybegintodisplaysubtledifferences.The
A、EveryonethinksthereistoomuchviolenceonTV.B、MostpeoplethinkthereistoomuchviolenceonTV.C、Thereisnorealagr
Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguageuseas______.
Asummaryofthephysicalandchemicalnatureoflifemustbegin;notontheEarth,butintheSun;infact,attheSun’sveryc
ModernExaminationsIntheschoolsofancienttimes,themostimportantexaminationswerespoken.Usuallythestudentswere
A、Anhourbeforesunset.B、Anhouraftersunset.C、Anhourbeforesunrise.D、Anhouraftersunrise.B新闻中提到航天飞机于下午8点39分,也就是日落一小时后
A、HarryPorter.B、PiratesoftheCaribbean.C、Titanic.D、TheMatrix.B本题为细节题。根据新闻内容(Thatputitaheadofthepreviousrecordde
Theworld’slastknowncaseofsmallpoxwasreportedinSomalia,theHornofAfrica,inOctober1977.Thevictimwasayoungcoo
随机试题
A.类固醇激素B.乙酰胆碱受体C.表皮生长因子受体D.Hsp70蛋白E.p53蛋白属于原癌基因表达产物的是
A.上消化道出血患者,在补液充足、尿量正常的情况下,尿素氮持续升高B.上消化道出血患者于出血后3日有少量黑便排出C.上消化道出血后并发失血性休克,经充分补液后24小时尿量仍为300mlD.上消化道出血后,尿素氮先升高后下降
甲某系现役军人,在部队弹药库值班时,违反规定吸烟,引起爆炸,整个弹药库被炸毁。甲某的行为构成( )。
韩某是一名纺织厂女工人,长得漂亮、生活方式前卫,因此厂里很多女职工都传言她是三陪小姐,一次下班后,几名女职工拦住韩某,把她关进一间小屋子,强迫韩某脱下外衣,要求韩某给她们跳脱衣舞、表演淫秽动作,几名职工还对韩某摸来摸去、言语相辱,达近一个小时才罢休。请问这
乔老师在《手绘线条图像》一课中提出作业要求:“试着画一下家周围的景貌,可以用写生方法或凭印象去画,绘画工具不限。”对于乔老师的做法,下面理解不正确的是()。
A.WhatstruckhimB.thereforeC.brokeoutPhrases:A.theplague【T1】______insouthernEnglandB.【T2】______wastheconj
北洋政府设立的中央行政诉讼审判机关是()。
Tokeepherjob,shehasto______thebadtemperofherboss.
Comparedwithliterature,communicationstresses________.
Eliot’sinterestedinpoetryinabout1902withthediscoveryofRomantic.HehadrecalledhowhewasinitiatedintopoetrybyE
最新回复
(
0
)