首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
(1) The American economy is in a befuddling state. Firms are on a six-year hiring spree that shows little sign of abating; payro
(1) The American economy is in a befuddling state. Firms are on a six-year hiring spree that shows little sign of abating; payro
admin
2022-10-09
45
问题
(1) The American economy is in a befuddling state. Firms are on a six-year hiring spree that shows little sign of abating; payrolls swelled by an average of 190000 a month between May and July. Competition for workers is pushing up wages. The median pay rise in the year to July was 3. 4%, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta. Americans are spending that cash; in the second quarter, consumption per person grew at an annual pace of 5. 5%, equaling its fastest growth in a decade. Yet real GDP is expanding by only 1.2% a year. The culprit seems to be business investment, which has fallen for three consecutive quarters. If firms are hiring and consumers are spending, why is investment weak?
(2) There are three potential explanations for this widespread reluctance to invest. The first is weak demand for the firms’ goods. This explains exporters’ restraint, given lacklustre global demand and a pricey dollar. But it makes less sense at home, with consumer spending strong, and firms happy to hire and to raise wages.
(3) The second is tighter credit. Since the Federal Reserve raised interest rates in December, the average rate banks charge firms to borrow is up by about half a percentage point. After five years of loosening standards, more banks have tightened than eased credit standards for business lending in 2016, according to a Fed survey. In February, financial-market turmoil caused credit spreads in bond markets, the best measure of credit conditions, to surge.
(4) Yet it is unlikely that slightly
tighter credit
has substantially crimped investment, because American firms are flush with cash. At the end of last year they had $1.7 trillion on hand, enough to pay for Hillary Clinton’s infrastructure plan six times over (though much of this cash is held overseas for tax reasons). Indeed, firms are accumulating cash at the fastest rate since July 2011, according to the Association for Finance Professionals, an industry group.
(5) That leaves the third explanation: that in spite of strong spending, slow trend growth is reducing opportunities for profitable long-term investments. On this view, the recent downturn in business investment was less of a cyclical blip than a sign of things to come.
(6) Economies get bigger when they add people or get more from their existing workforce. America is doing less of both. The Bureau of Labour Statistics projects that the labour force will grow by an average of 0.5% a year from 2014 to 2024, down from 1.2% annually from 1994 to 2004, because of ageing baby-boomers and low fertility. And productivity growth has stalled. From 2005 to 2015, output per hour worked grew by only 1.3% a year, down from growth of 3% a year between 1995 and 2005. In the year to the second quarter of 2016, productivity actually fell, by 0.4%.
(7) Optimists argue that this is part of a lengthy hangover from the recession, which should soon end. One contributor to productivity is the amount of capital—for example, machinery or computers— that each worker has at their disposal. The recession sent this ratio soaring as firms laid off workers and left machines sitting idle. Why would firms invest again before they had replenished their payrolls? But this explanation is becoming less convincing. The capital-to-worker ratio returned to its long-run trend in 2014 (the last year for which data are available). It is past time for productivity growth to have recovered; instead, it is sinking further.
(8) Pessimists think the productivity problem is chronic. Technological advances, they say, are ever-less revolutionary: Uber is less of an advance than the car itself, the smartphone has not changed office work the way the PC did. Nonsense, reply "techno-optimists", who foresee huge advances in machine learning and robotics.
(9) For now, the data support the pessimists. The best measure of technological advance is total factor productivity, which measures output after controlling for both the number of workers and the amount of capital. In 2015 it grew by just 0.2%, compared with an average of 1.1% in the two decades prior to the financial crisis.
(10) Businesses anticipating slower long-term growth cannot be expected to invest much. And politicians cannot easily conjure up technological progress. But they can boost competition, simplify taxes and regulation, and invest in infrastructure and education, all of which would help to raise American productivity. (本文选自 The Economist)
Which evidence did the author use to retort "tighter credit" as a potential explanation for the widespread reluctance to invest?
选项
A、Strong domestic consumer spending.
B、Good job opportunities and wage raise.
C、Fast cash accumulation rate of American firms.
D、Reduced opportunities for investments.
答案
C
解析
细节题。原文第四段提到,美国公司拥有充足的现金,并且自2011年7月以来,企业就在以最快的速度积累现金,可见tighter credit并没有影响美国公司的现金流通和投资,因此选择C。A、B是第二段中作者反驳第一个原因的理由,故排除;D是文章提到的不愿投资的第三个原因,与信贷紧缩无关,故排除。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/rJkK777K
0
专业英语四级
相关试题推荐
A.littleB.unansweredC.detectD.inevitablyE.deepF.dropG.uselessH.eventuallyI.effectiveJ.addressK.catc
A.littleB.unansweredC.detectD.inevitablyE.deepF.dropG.uselessH.eventuallyI.effectiveJ.addressK.catc
[A]benefits[B]moving[C]restrict[D]waste[E]similar[F]save[G]separately[H]different[I]multiple[J]nonsalaried[K]number[L]
Intoday’scompetitivesociety,peopleareonlytooanxioustospendalltheirtimeonworktomakealiving.Lookatthefollow
Withmorecollegegraduatesbecomingentrepreneurs,manycollegestudentsarealsowonderingwhethertheyshouldquitschoolto
Worldfoodoutputperheadhasrisenby4percentbetweenthe1970sand1980smainly______aresultofincreasesinyieldsfro
A.actionB.butC.distractedD.absurdE.analogiesF.pullG.copyH.authorsI.concentratedJ.appearedK.livelyL
Theinternationalcommunityshouldreachabroad_______onthematterandjointlytackleanymajorsecurityconcernbydialogue
Inthesentence"Thisbeautifulvillageremainsunknowntotherestoftheworld",theunderlinedwordis
PassageThreeWhichparagraphssupporttheauthor’sideathatextremegamesarepopular?
随机试题
在下列关键字中,不能用来表示继承方式的是
下列关于发育性髋关节脱位的叙述,不正确的是()
房间净高测量每个房间不少于5处,测量部位宜在距墙角(纵横墙交界处)()mm处及房间几何中心处。
风险管理信息系统应当()。
思维是客观事物在人脑中概括的和间接的反映。思维的基本形式包括()。
岭南文化岭南文化是一种较能适应现代化进程的文化形态。广东人的怀旧情绪相对来说比较弱。比如,中国许多地方曾经在90年代大唱怀旧歌曲,广东人却没有卷入这个热潮。又比如,北京的文化人为浸漫了过去时光的四合院日益减少而【】,广东的文化人却很少为南国特色骑楼的日渐
由C++编写的面向对象的程序是由一个个的对象组成,对象之间通过【】而相互作用。
下列关于运算符重载的叙述中,正确的是
请在【答题】菜单下选择【进入考生文件夹】命令,并按照题目要求完成下面的操作。注意:以下的文件必须都保存在考生文件夹下。文档“北京政府统计工作年报.docx”是一篇从互联网上获取的文字资料,请打开该文档并按下列要求进行排版及保存操作:将纸张大小设为1
将考生文件夹下SUPPER文件夹中的文件Word5.pptx删除。
最新回复
(
0
)