首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Civilizations Civilizations, vast or otherwise, can always be located on a map. An essential part of their character depends
Civilizations Civilizations, vast or otherwise, can always be located on a map. An essential part of their character depends
admin
2017-03-25
55
问题
Civilizations
Civilizations, vast or otherwise, can always be located on a map. An essential part of their character depends on the constraints or advantages of their geographical situation. 【T1】
This, of course, will have been affected for centuries or even millennia by human effort. Every landscape bears the traces of this continuous and cumulative labour generation after generation contributing to the whole. So doing, humanity itself has been transformed by what the French historian Jules Michelet called ’the decisive shaping of self by self’, or(as Karl Marx put it)’the production of people by people ’
. To discuss civilization is to discuss space, land and its contours, climate, vegetation, animal species and natural or other advantages. It is also to discuss what humanity has made of these basic conditions: agriculture, stock-breeding, food, shelter, clothing, communications, industry and so on. 【T2】
The stage on which humanity’s endless dramas are played out partly determines their story-line and explains their nature. The cast will alter, but the set remain broadly the same.
For the expert on India, Hermann Goetz, there are two essential Indias. One is humid, with heavy rainfall, lakes, marshes, forests and jungles, aquatic plants and flowers—the land of people with dark skins. It contrasts with the dryer India of the Indo-Gangetic plain, plus the Deccan plateau—the home of lighter-skinned people, many of them warlike. India as a whole, in Goetz’s view, is a debate and a tug-of-war between these two contrasting areas and peoples. 【T3】
The natural and man-made environment, of course, can not predetermine everything. It is not all-powerful. But it greatly affects the inherent or acquired advantages of any given situation. To take inherent advantages, every civilization is born of immediate opportunities, rapidly exploited.
Thus in the dawn of time, river civilizations flourished in the old world: Chinese civilization along the Yellow River; pre-Indian along the Indus; Sumerian, Babylonian and Assyrian on the Euphrates and the Tigris Egyptian on the Nile. A Similar group of Vigorous civilizations developed in Northern Europe, around the Baltic and the North Sea—not to mention the Atlantic Ocean itself. Much of the West and its dependencies today, in fact, are grouped around that ocean, rather as Roman world of former times was grouped around the Mediterranean.
【T4】
These classic instances reveal above all the prime important of communications. No civilization can survive without mobility; all are enriched by trade and the stimulating impact of strangers.
Islam for instance, is inconceivable without the movement of its caravans across the ’dry seas’ of its deserts and steppes, without its expeditions in the Mediterranean and across the Indian Ocean as far as Malacca and China. 【T5】
Mentioning these achievements has already led us beyond the natural and immediate advantages which supposedly gave rise to civilizations. To overcome the steady winds of the Indian Ocean, or to dam a river—all that needed human effort, to enjoy advantages, or rather to create them.
【T3】
选项
答案
当然,自然环境和人为环境是不能预知一切的,更不是全能的。但它极大地影响着天然优势和特定情况下习得的后天优势。每一种文明都诞生于眼前这些被迅速加以利用的机遇,就是天然优势得以利用。
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/rOGO777K
0
考博英语
相关试题推荐
SouthKorea’shagwon(privatetutoringacademies)crackdownisonepartofalargerquesttotamethecountry’scultureofeducati
AMonitor/TIPPpolllastmonthfoundthatyoungpeopleandseniorsheldsimilarviewswhenaskedto______theimportanceofUS
Oneofthebasiccharacteristicsofcapitalismistheprivateownershipofthemajormeansofproduction—capital.Theownership
Oneofthebasiccharacteristicsofcapitalismistheprivateownershipofthemajormeansofproduction—capital.Theownership
Inolddays,whenaglimpseofstockingwaslookeduponassomethingfartooshockingtodistracttheseriousworkofanoffice,
There’sonegirlatmyschoolwhoeverybody____becauseshedoesn’twearwhateverybodyelsewears;theyarehorribletoher.
Thinkaboutwhatwouldmakeyoureally,reallyhappy.Moremoney?Wrong.Smiling,well-adjustedkids?Wrongagain.Thefactisw
IhaveobservedthattheAmericansshowalessdecidedtasteforgeneralideasthantheFrench.Thisisespeciallytrueinpoliti
Haveyoueverreceived_____ofwhathashappenedtoher?
Ifwesaysomethingis______,wemeanthatwefinditextremelypleasantorenjoyable.
随机试题
对于大多数化学反应,升高温度,反应速率增大。()
不属于方剂运用变化的项是
给予肺炎高热患者降温处理时,正确的操作是
关于手足搐搦症的隐性体征正确的是
关于存货叙述正确的是( )。
甲市公安机关的法医董某,一天在送孩子去幼儿园的途中亲眼看见了李某抢劫王某,造成王某重伤,下列说法错误的有()。
(2017年真题)在某个时期内,个体对某种刺激特别敏感,过了这个时期,同样的刺激则影响很小或没有影响。这个时期称为()。
教师的医疗同当地国家公务员享受同等的待遇;()对教师进行身体健康检查,并因地制宜安排教师进行休养。
下图为我国4幅省级行政区域图,按图完成下列问题。少数民族中人数最多的民族所在的省级行政区域是()。
假设你是一个企业的质检员,厂里准备引进一台新设备,可以更好的提高生产力,你该怎么办?
最新回复
(
0
)