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Usually people can’t feel the change of the society. From generation to generation we live in the same frame of family and struc

admin2010-06-30  41
问题      Usually people can’t feel the change of the society. From generation to generation we live in the same frame of family and structure and society. But as a matter of fact, the change of the society is changing rapidly. People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that unprecedented change in the nation’s economy would bring social chaos. In the years following 1820, after several decades of relative stability, the economy entered a period of sustained and extremely rapid growth that continued to the end of the nineteenth century. Accompanying that growth was a structural change that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation’s labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits.
     Although the birth rate continued to decline from its high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the population roughly doubled every generation during the rest of the nineteenth century. As the population grew, its makeup also changed. Massive waves of immigration brought new ethnic groups into the country. Geographic and social mobility-downward as well as upward-touched almost everyone. Local studies indicate that nearly three-quarters of the population in the North and South, in the emerging cities of the Northeast and in the restless rural counties of the West changed their residence each decade. As a consequence, historian David Donald has written, "Social atomization affected every segment of society, and it seemed to many people that all the recognized values of orderly civilization were gradually being eroded."
     Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in the nineteenth century had special implications for women because these changes tended to magnify social distinctions. As the roles of men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home. In the context of extreme competitiveness and dizzying social change, the household lost many of its earliest functions and the home came to serve as a haven of tranquility and order. As the size of families decreased, the roles of husband and wife became more clearly differentiated than ever before. In the middle class especially, men participated in the productive economy while women ruled the home and served as the custodians of civility and culture. The intimacy of marriage that was common in earlier periods was rent, and a gulf that at times seemed unbridgeable was between husbands and wives.
Which of the following best describes the society about which David Donald wrote?
选项 A、A highly conservative society that was resistant to new ideas.
B、A society that was undergoing fundamental change.
C、A society that had been gradually changing since the early 1700’s.
D、A nomadic society that was starting permanent settlements.
答案B
解析 事实细节题。根据第二段中最后一句David Donald说，“社会的急剧变化影响了社会的各个方面(Social atomization affected every segment of society)”，以及“有序的文明中被人们所接受的价值观念正渐渐受到侵蚀”，我们可知社会应该是正经历“急剧变化”的社会。因此，选项B是正确答案。
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