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  3. The standardized educational or psychological tests, which are widely used to aid in selecting, assigning or promoting students,

The standardized educational or psychological tests, which are widely used to aid in selecting, assigning or promoting students,

admin2010-10-14  94
问题     The standardized educational or psychological tests, which are widely used to aid in selecting, assigning or promoting students, employees and military personnel, have been the target of recent attacks in books, magazines, the daily press, and even in Congress. The target is wrong, for, in attacking the tests, critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-in formed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely specified condition. Whether the results will be valuable, meaningless, or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.
    All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance. How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends up on the amount, reliability and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.
    Standardized tests should be considered in this context: they provide a quick, objective method of getting some kind of information about what a person has learned, the skills he has developed, or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has, qualitatively, the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information~ Whether to use tests; other kinds of information, or both in a particular situation depends, therefore, upon the empirical evidence concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.
    In general, the tests work most effectively when the traits or qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined(for example, ability to do well in a particular course of training pro gram)and least effectively when what is to be measured of predicted cannot be well defined, for example, personality or creativity. Properly used, they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people~ Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized.
In this passage, the author is primarily concerned with ______.
选项 A、the necessity of standardized tests
B、the validity of standardized tests
C、the method used in interpreting the results of standardized tests
D、the theoretical grounds of standardized tests
答案B
解析 主旨大意题。文章第一段指出教育和心理标准测试不应该受到广泛的批评，测试本身没有错，测试结果是否正确有效取决于使用者。第二段指出依据以前的表现做出的对人的预测都不完整，可能出错。第三段指出是否应该测试取决经验证据的有敢性、正确性以及成本和可行性。第四段提到如何使测试效果最好，综上所述，答案应该为B。
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