首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families
admin
2013-01-24
62
问题
In sixteenth-century Italy and eighteenth-century France, waning prosperity and increasing social unrest led the ruling families to try to preserve their superiority by withdrawing from the lower and middle classes behind barriers of etiquette. In a prosperous community, on the other hand, polite society soon adsorbs the newly rich, and in England there has never been any shortage of books on etiquette for teaching them the manners appropriate to their new way of life.
Every code of etiquette has contained three elements; basic moral duties; practical rules which promote efficiency; and artificial, optional graces such as formal compliments to, say, women on their beauty or superiors on their generosity and importance. In the first category are considerations for the weak and respect for age. Among the ancient Egyptians the young always stood in the presence of older people. Among the Mponguwe of Tanzaia, the young men bow as they pass the huts of the elders. In England, until about a century ago, young children did not sit in their parents’ presence without asking permission. Practical rules are helpful in such ordinary occurrences of Social life as making proper introductions at parties or other functions so that people can be brought to know each other. Before the invention of the fork, etiquette directed that the fingers should be kept as clean as possible; before the handkerchief came into common use, etiquette suggested that after spitting, a person should rub the spit inconspicuously underfoot. Extremely refined behavior, how-ever, cultivated as an art of gracious living, has been characteristic only of societies with wealth and leisure, which admitted women as the social equals of men. After the fall of Rome, the first European society to regulate behavior in private life in accordance with a complicated code of etiquette was twelfth-century Province, in France. Provence had become wealthy. The lords had returned to their castle from the crusades, and there the ideals of chivalry grew up, which emphasized the virtue and gentleness of women and demanded that a knight should profess a pure and dedicated love to a lady who would be his inspiration, and to whom he would dedicate his valiant deeds, though he would never come physically close to her. This was the introduction of the concept of romantic love, which was to influence literature for many hundreds of years and which still lives on in a debased form in simple popular songs and cheap novels today. In Renaissance Italy too; in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners, but the rules of behavior of fashionable society had little influence on the daily life of the lower classes. Indeed many of the rules, such as how to enter a banquet room, or how to use a sword or handkerchief for ceremonial purposes, were irrelevant to the way of life of the average working man, who spent most of his life outdoors or in his own poor hut and most probably did not have a handkerchief, certainly not a sword, to his name. Yet the essential basis of all good manners does not vary. Consideration for the old and weak and the avoidance of banning or giving unnecessary offence to others is a feature of all societies everywhere and at all levels from the highest to the lowest.
Etiquette as an art of gracious living is quoted as a feature of which country?
选项
A、Egypt
B、18th century France.
C、Renaissance Italy.
D、England.
答案
C
解析
细节题。文章第二段提到In renaissance Italy too,in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries,a wealthy and leisured society developed an extremely complex code of manners,因此C为正确选择。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/rraO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
______isconsideredtobetheverybeginningoftheAmericanWarofIndependence.
TheEnglishVocabularyVocabularyisacompleteinventoryofthewordsinalanguage.Itcanbedividedintoactivevocabulary
WhichofthefollowingisnotthenativepeopleinCanada?
ThefoundersoftheRepublicviewedtheirrevolutionprimarilyinpoliticalratherthaneconomicorsocialterms.Andtheytalke
Theterm"formallearning"isusedinthispapertorefertoalllearningwhichtakesplaceintheclassroom,withoutregardto
Thedeclineofcivilityandgoodmannersmaybeworryingpeoplemorethancrime,accordingtoGentilityRecalled,editedbyDigb
Vibrationsinthegroundareapoorlyunderstoodbutprobablywidespreadmeansofcommunicationbetweenanimals.Itseemsun
TheDeclarationofIndependencewasadoptedbythecontinentalCongresson______.
ThelargestlakeinBritainis______inNorthernIreland.
随机试题
互联网文化会给青少年带来正反两方面影响,这要求教师在网络德育资源开发中要考虑其价值取向。()
人们对自己与他人关系的反应,称作()
患者女性,50岁,高血压史25年,3年来间断发作四肢无力,1个月前发作时患者不能自行起床,院外测血钾2.8mmol/L,人院后查血钾3.0retool/L,24小时尿钾40mmol/L。血压:160/90mmHgo该患者治疗首选
8月6日18时,驾驶员甲驾驶装满液氯的槽罐车驶入某高速公路B56段,20时许,槽罐车与驾驶员乙驾驶的货车相撞,导致槽罐车撞坏,槽罐破裂,液氯泄露,造成除驾驶员甲之外的两车其他人员全部死亡。撞车事故发生后,驾驶员甲不顾槽罐车严重损坏,液氯已开始外泄的危险情况
下列关于赶工费用和赶工补偿的描述中,正确的是()。
一个中国工人在中国的驻外公司工作,他所获得的纯收入属于下述哪一项?()
阅读案例,并回答问题。案例:某同学在求反比例函数y=2/x,当x≤3时,求y的取值范围时直接将x≤3代入y=2/x得y≥2/3。问题:该同学的解题过程哪步错了?分析原因;
下列权利中,属于相对权的是()
Gingrichianpoliticiansreluctanttoaddresstheproblembecause______.AdraftreportcurrentlycirculatingontheInternet___
ThelargestcityofNewZealandis
最新回复
(
0
)