2. 外语
  3. Starting in the mid-1990s, major American cities began a radical transformation. Years of high violent crime rates, thefts, ro

Starting in the mid-1990s, major American cities began a radical transformation. Years of high violent crime rates, thefts, ro

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问题     Starting in the mid-1990s, major American cities began a
radical transformation. Years of high violent crime rates, thefts,
robberies, and inner-city decay suddenly started to turn around.
Crime rates didn’t just hold steadily, and they began falling faster than【M1】______
they went up. That trend appeared in practically every【M2】______
post-industrial American city, simultaneously.
    "The drop of crime in the 1990s effected all geographic areas【M3】______
and demographic groups," Steven D. Levitt wrote in his landmark
paper on the subject, Understanding Why Crime Fell in the 1990s,
and elucidated further in a best-selling book Freakonomics. "It【M4】______
was unanticipated that it was widely dismissed as temporary or【M5】______
illusory long after it had begun." He went on to tie the drop to the
legalization of abortion 20 years much earlier, dismissing police【M6】______
tactics as a cause but they failed to explain the universality and【M7】______
unexpectedness of the change. Alfred Blumstein’s The Crime
Drop in America pinned the cause of crime solely on the crack
epidemic but gave the credit for its appearance to those self-same【M8】______
policing strategies.
    Plenty of other theories have been offered to account for the
double-digit decrease in violence, from the advent of "broken
windows" policies, three strikes laws, changing demographics, gun
control laws, and the increasing prevalence of cellphones or an【M9】______
upturn in the economy and cultural shifts in American society.
Some of these theories have disproven outright while others【M10】______
require a healthy dose of assumption to turn correlation into
causation.
【M3】
选项
答案effected一affected
解析 词汇错误。effect作动词意为“产生，引起”，affect作动词意为“影响”，根据上下文语义，此句要表达的意思是“90年代犯罪率的下降影响到了所有的地区和社群。”故应改为affected，符合上下文语境。
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