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  3. Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pa

Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pa

admin2018-03-27  25
问题    Three hundred years ago news travelled by word of mouth or letter, and circulated in taverns and coffee houses in the form of pamphlets and newsletters. "The coffee houses particularly are very roomy for a free conversation, and for reading at an easier rate all manner of printed news," noted one observer. 【F1】Everything changed in 1833 when the first mass-audience newspaper. The New York Sun, pioneered the use of advertising to reduce the cost of news, thus giving advertisers access to a wider audience. 【F2】The penny press, followed by radio and television, turned news from a two-way conversation into a one-way broadcast, with a relatively small number of firms controlling the media.
   Now, the news industry is returning to something closer to the coffee house. 【F3】The Internet is making news more participatory, social and diverse, reviving the discursive characteristics of the era before the mass media. That will have profound effects on society and politics. In much of the world, the mass media are flourishing. Newspaper circulation rose globally by 6% between 2005 and 2009. But those global figures mask a sharp decline in readership in rich countries.
   Over the past decade, throughout the Western world, 【F4】people have been keeping up with events in profoundly different ways, most strikingly among which is that ordinary people are increasingly involved in compiling, sharing, filtering, discussing and distributing news. Twitter lets people anywhere, report what they are seeing. Classified documents are published in their thousands online. Mobile-phone footage of Arab uprisings and American tornadoes is posted on social-networking sites and shown on television newscasts. Social-networking sites help people find, discuss and share news with their friends. And it is not just readers who are challenging the media elite. Technology firms including Google, Facebook and Twitter have become important conduits of news. Celebrities and world leaders publish updates directly via social networks; many countries now make raw data available through "open government" initiatives. The Internet lets people read newspapers or watch television channels from around the world. The web has allowed new providers of news, from individual bloggers to sites, to rise to prominence in a very short space of time. 【F5】And it has made possible entirely new approaches to journalism, such as that practiced by WikiLeaks, which provides an anonymous way for whistleblowers to publish documents. The news agenda is no longer controlled by a few press barons and state outlets.
   In principle, every liberal should celebrate this. A more participatory and social news environment, with a remarkable diversity and range of news sources, is a good thing. The transformation of the news business is unstoppable, and attempts to reverse it are doomed to failure.
【F2】
选项
答案随着相对较少的公司掌控着新闻媒体，跟随广播和电视而来的廉价报刊将新闻从一种双向的交流转变为一种单向的交流。
解析 句子主干是The penny press turned news。过去分词短语followed by radio and television做定语修饰限定the penny press，译为“廉价报纸”。介词短语from…into…做状语修饰动词turned。介词短语with a relatively…做伴随状语。
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