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  3. The Paleolithic era is the period of history commonly known as the Stone Age. It begins with the appearance of stone tools aroun

The Paleolithic era is the period of history commonly known as the Stone Age. It begins with the appearance of stone tools aroun

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问题     The Paleolithic era is the period of history commonly known as the Stone Age. It begins with the appearance of stone tools around 2. 5 million years ago and ends approximately 12,000 years ago. It is quite late during the Paleolithic period—only around 40,000 years ago—that cave art first appears in the archaeological record. Found in various locations across the globe, sometimes deep in the inner chambers of caves and sometimes closer to their openings, this art reveals a modern human species that had evolved sufficiently to comprehend and appreciate symbolism.
    Cave art is often divided into two categories: figurative (depicting animals and humans) and non-figurative (shape that aren’t animals or humans). Within both of these categories, the prevailing hypothesis is that the purpose of much of the art was to serve the spiritual practices of early humans. This is particularly likely in cases in which the art has been found within distant caverns, in location that took great effort to reach and that required long, dark treks that might have featured many perilous obstacles, from bears to floods to falling rocks.
    Among the oldest cave paintings found to date are those in Indonesia in the Pettakere Cave. Here, paintings of hands, in the form of 26 handprints, date somewhere between 35,000 and 40,000 years ago. The handprints, which are the same color as the cave wall, are outlined in red at the cave’s entrance. It is believed that they were created by using the hand as a stencil and then spitting or blowing onto the wall a red dye obtained from certain foliage. Because the handprints appear at the entrance to the cave, it has been suggested that they were created to ward off evil spirits, preventing them from entering. Interestingly, the ritual of marking one’s home with a handprint persists among the present-day local population near Pettakere, which has used the cave and others around it for many years. Among contemporary locals, when a new home is erected, both the new owner of a home and priest will place handprints created with rice flour onto the first new beam of the house.
    In Spain’s Cantabria province in Europe, there are similar handprint paintings created by using the hand as a stencil and blowing pigment onto the cave wall. The oldest of these had been dated at more than 40,000 years old. The process used to make that determination is called uranium-thorium dating, in which a sample of calcite that has accumulated on the surface of the paint is removed and analyzed for trace amount of uranium and thorium to determine the sample’s age. Scientists can conclude that whatever lies beneath must be at least as old as the calcite itself, but no upper bound can be placed on the age of the underlying paint. This implies that the paintings in Spain could actually be much more than 40,000 years old, potentially placing them very close to the time when modern humans, Homo sapiens, first appeared on the European continent.
    Prior to that time, Neanderthals dominated Europe. Dating cave art back this far in history, therefore, could have major implications for our understanding of Neanderthals. If cave art were discovered that dates to the period and location in which the Neanderthals reigned, before the presence of modern humans, it would raise the question about who authored the paintings and whether they were indeed created by Homo sapiens at all.
    Another important site is in the Chauvet cave in the Ardeche region of southern France. The paintings were found in this cave by a team of French cavers in 1994 and have been dated at around 30,000 years old. While the Chauvet paintings are not the earliest cave art discovered in Europe, they are the earliest figurative cave paintings yet discovered there. The Chauvet paintings are also notable for their breadth. They consist of hundreds of paintings of animals from over a dozen distinct species, including lions, panthers, and bears—predatory animals that do not frequently appear in other cave paintings from the Paleolithic era. Furthermore, deep inside the Chauvet cave are the cave’s only human figures, including an intriguing figure that is half man and half bison, and another that is female.  
Paragraph 2 indicates that in locations deep within caverns, cave art was________.
选项 A、different and likely dangerous to access
B、impossible to reach without artificial light
C、particularly unlikely to have served spiritual needs
D、more rarely created than art near cavern openings
答案A
解析 事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句可知，有些洞穴艺术在距离较远的洞穴之中，人们需要费很多力气，长途跋涉才能看到，还可能遇到熊、洪水等阻碍，故A项为答案。最后一句中只说要看到这些洞穴艺术需要费很大力气，并没有说不可能看到，也没有提到人造光源，故排除B项；第二段第二句提到，主流假说认为，许多洞穴艺术是服务于早期人类的精神实践。C项表述与原文相反，故排除；文中并未说明洞穴深处艺术作品比靠近洞口的艺术作品更罕见，故排除D项。
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