首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Definitions of Obesity A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-we
Definitions of Obesity A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-we
admin
2017-02-24
40
问题
Definitions of Obesity
A)How does one define when a person is considered to be obese and not just somewhat overweight? Height-weight tables give an approximate guideline as to whether one is simply overweight or has passed into the obese stage.
B)The World Health Organization recommends using a formula that takes into account a person’s height and weight. The "Body Mass Index"(BMI)is calculated by dividing the person’ s weight in kilograms by the square of their height in meters, and is thus given in units of kg/m2. A BMI of 18.5-24.9 is considered to be the healthiest. A BMI of between 25 and 29.9 is considered to be overweight, while a BMI of over 30 is considered to be obese.
C)However, it is recognized that this definition is limited as it does not take into account such variables as age, gender and ethnic origin, the latter being important as different ethnic groups have very different fat distributions. Another shortcoming is that it is not applicable to certain very muscular people such as athletes and bodybuilders, who can also have artificially high BMIs. Agencies such as the National Cholesterol Education Program(NCEP)in the USA and the International Diabetes Foundation(IDF)are starting to define obesity in adults simply in terms of waist circumference.
Health Effects of Obesity
D)Over 2000 years ago, the Greek physician Hippocrates wrote that "persons who are naturally very fat are apt to die earlier than those who are slender". This observation remains very true today. Obesity has a major impact on a person’s physical, social and emotional well-being. It increases the risk of developing diabetes mellitus type 2("mature onset diabetes")and also makes Type 2 diabetes more difficult to control. Thus weight loss improves the levels of blood glucose and blood fats, and reduces blood pressure. The association between obesity and coronary heart disease is also well-known.
Cancer
E)Furthermore, in 2001 medical researchers established a link between being overweight and certain forms of cancer, and estimated that nearly 10,000 Britons per year develop cancer as a result of being overweight. This figure was made up of 5,893 women and 3,220 men, with the strongest associations being with breast and colon cancers. However, it is thought that being overweight may also increase the risk of cancer in the reproductive organs for women and in the prostate gland for men.
F)The link between breast cancer and nutritional status is thought to be due to the steroid hormones, oestrogen and progesterone, which are produced by the ovaries, and govern a woman’s menstrual cycle. Researchers have found that the more a woman eats, or the more sedentary her lifestyle, the higher are the concentrations of progesterone. This link could explain why women from less affluent countries have lower rates of breast cancer. Women from less affluent nations tend to eat less food and to lead lifestyles which involve more daily movement. This lowers their progesterone level, resulting in lower predisposition to breast cancer.
G)The Times newspaper, in 2002 reported that obesity was the main avoidable cause of cancer among non-smokers in the Western world!
Aging
H)Research published by St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK in 2005 showed a correlation between body fat and aging, to the extent that being obese added 8.8 years to a woman’ s biological age. The effect was exacerbated by smoking, and a non-overweight woman who smokes 20 cigarettes a day for 20 years added 7.4 years to their biological age. The combination of being obese and a smoker added at least ten years to a woman’s biological age, and although the study only involved women, the lead researcher Professor Tim Spector believes the finding would also apply to men.
I)The aging effect was determined by measuring the length of telomeres, tiny "caps" on the ends of chromosomes, which help protect the DNA from the ageing process. Indeed, telomeres have been dubbed the "chromosomal clock" because, as an organism ages, they become progressively shorter, and can be used to determine the age of the organism. Beyond a certain point, the telomere becomes so short that it is no longer able to prevent the DNA of the chromosome from falling apart. It is believed that excess body fat and the chemicals present in tobacco smoke release free radicals which trigger inflammation. Inflammation causes the production of white blood cells which increases the rate of erosion of telomeres.
Dementia
J)Recent research(2005)conducted in the USA shows that obesity in middle age is linked to an increased risk of dementia, with obese people in their 40s being 74% more likely to develop dementia compared to those of normal weight. For those who are merely overweight, the lifetime risk of dementia risk was 35% higher.
K)Scientists from the Aging Research Centre at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden have been able to take information such as age, number of years in education, gender, body mass index, blood pressure level, physical activity and genetic factors, assigning each a risk score. They then used this information to devise a predictive test for dementia. This test will enable people at risk, for the first time, to be able to affect lifestyle changes which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.
Other Problems
L)The world-wide upsurge in obesity, particularly in children, is of major economic concern, liable to drain economies. Of further concern is that research conducted in Australia and published in 2006, shows that up to one third of breech pregnancies were undetected by the traditional "palpation" examination, the danger being greatest for those women who are overweight or obese—a growing proportion of mothers. This means that such women are not getting the treatment required to turn the baby around in time for the birth, and in many cases require an emergency cae-sarean section.
M)This is a true health-care crisis, far bigger than Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome(SARS)and ultimately, even bigger than AIDS.
The predictive test will help people to change lifestyle, which will reduce their risk of contracting dementia.
选项
答案
K
解析
信息明示题。题干:痴呆症预测实验可以使一些人改变生活方式,进而减少患痴呆症的风险。题干关键词predictive tea,change lifestyle和contracting dementia。文中K段最后两句提到,专家们用这些信息设计预测痴呆的测验。这个测验使得身处危险的人,可以第一时间改变他们的生活方式,进而降低患痴呆症的风险。与题干意思吻合,故选K。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/rxi7777K
0
大学英语四级
相关试题推荐
Mostpeoplethinksuccessisagoal.Idonot.Iseesuccessasaprocess.Mostpeople【B1】______successonlyintermsofmoney.
Whencouplesgetmarried,theyusuallyplantohavechildren.Sometimeshowever,acouplecannothaveachildoftheirown.Int
Whencouplesgetmarried,theyusuallyplantohavechildren.Sometimeshowever,acouplecannothaveachildoftheirown.Int
Whencouplesgetmarried,theyusuallyplantohavechildren.Sometimeshowever,acouplecannothaveachildoftheirown.Int
A、Hisfather.B、Hismother.C、Hisbrother.D、Hissister.D此题关键是信息对应,在听录音的同时做记录(shirt一father,books一sister,probablyjewels—moth—er
A、Colleagues.B、Husbandandwife.C、Employerandemployee.D、Motherandson.D女士问“你在电脑上干什么呢?你忘记你的承诺了吗?”男士回答说“我不是在玩游戏,我是在猜字谜;可以扩大
A、Bill’sbrother.B、Bill’swife.C、Bill’sfather.D、Bill’sfather-in-law.D女士说“他妻子叫他回去送她的父亲去医院”,可判断D(Bill的岳父)正确。
Departmentstoresarelargeretailstoressellingmanydifferentkindsofmerchandise【B1】______inseparatedepartments.Suchsto
MostofthecollegesofeducationintheUnitedStatesaredoinganinadequatejobof【B1】______elementaryteachersforteachin
MostofthecollegesofeducationintheUnitedStatesaredoinganinadequatejobof【B1】______elementaryteachersforteachin
随机试题
油层在横向上对比时,应依据()的原则。
After20yearsofmarriage,ahusbandmaystillnotunderstandhiswife.Howisitthatsheisneverata【C1】______forwords?Ho
牙周脓肿指的是
黄土湿陷系数试验双线法两个试样施加的最大压力一般取400kPa。()
建设工程组织非节奏流水施工时,其特点之一是()。
有底座机组安装,先将底座放于浇筑好的基础上,套上地脚螺栓和螺帽,调整位置,底座的纵横中心位置和浇筑基础时所定的纵横中心线误差不能超过()。
多年来,曾老师坚持让学生采用反思记录表,学习日志或成长记录袋等多种方法来记录学习过程,并不断指导学生优化记录的方法,曾老师的做法()
波利克里托斯是古希腊时期著名的艺术理论家,他写了《__________》一书,提出了头与人体之比为__________。
太阳风暴是指太阳因能量增加而向空间释放大量高速运行的(),它们可能对短波无线电信号的传播造成严重影响。
It’ssaidthatGov.JonCorzinesufferedfromaseverinjuryprobablybecause______.NHTSAhassetinstructionsparticularlyf
最新回复
(
0
)