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  3. There was a time when ’sustainable development’ meant economic development and growth—not, as we know it today, environmentally

There was a time when ’sustainable development’ meant economic development and growth—not, as we know it today, environmentally

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问题     There was a time when ’sustainable development’ meant economic development and growth—not, as we know it today, environmentally sustainable development. The change in meaning can be traced to the 1987 report Our Common Future, involving social scientists, natural scientists, industrialists, environmentalists and policymakers emerging from their silos to talk to each other to understand how humans alter the global environment. It helped such collaborative processes to become mainstream, alongside the idea of treating the environment and development as one issue.
    Some fields quickly grasped that interdisciplinary work is essential to understanding environmental change, and to mitigating—or adapting to—its effects. Confirming a human cause for climate change required the combined efforts of meteorologists, oceanographers and geographers, among others. Replacing the ozone-depleting chemicals used in spray cans and refrigerators needed chemists to talk to product designers. But, as a report this week in Nature Sustainability shows, other fields have not got so far in their interdisciplinary journey.
    Behavioral science has an existing and essential relationship to the built environment: we have to study how people live, work and move to create liveable buildings and towns. But the group established that, when it comes to sustainability, there’s room for closer working, and the report amounts to an agenda for joint research. Potential questions include: how do architects and designers make decisions? To what extent can behavioural science in other contexts be applied to sustainable design and architecture? Do architects feel a duty to promote responsible energy use?
    Cross-disciplinary working requires careful communication and confidence-building. As the example of defining sustainable development shows, disciplines have their own languages and can interpret terms differently.
    One way to ease disciplinary tensions could be to underscore that sustainability calls for behavioural change at all levels—necessitating more research across all sectors. Governments, for example, often interact with independent researchers who study how to improve policy, including how government itself needs to adapt if it is to drive sustainability more effectively. Similarly, business schools produce case studies on how companies can adapt to facilitate that change. Behavioural research could help all of us—individuals and communities—to make changes to how we behave, whether it is taking more public transport or just turning the thermostat down a degree.
    Along with governments, industry and individuals, the built environment consumes energy and produces waste, which makes it just as pivotal to sustainability. As the Nature Sustainability report says, collaborating effectively and learning from each other can be tough. But considering the planetary situation, not doing so has much higher costs.
Which of the following is the impact of Our Common Future on sustainable development?
选项 A、It has drastically altered the meaning of sustainable development.
B、It involves scientists from all fields into this issue for the first time.
C、It somehow changes how scientists look at sustainable development.
D、It has helped policymakers around the world to deal with this issue.
答案 C
解析 根据题干关键词Our Common Future和sustainable development可定位至原文第一段。第一段首句介绍可持续发展曾经指经济发展，而如今用它来指环境方面的可持续发展。接下来进一步提出这种范畴上的变化可以追溯到《我们共同的未来》这一报告，该报告邀请了诸多领域的学者共同探讨人类如何改变全球环境这一话题。该段第三句点明该报告的意义，即帮助各领域通力合作，并将环境和发展视为同一问题。选项[C]It somehow changes how scientists look at sustainable development．“它在一定程度上改变了科学家们看待可持续发展的方式”与第一段最后一句alongside the idea of treating the environment and development as one issue(同时提出应该把环境和发展视为同一个问题的想法)相对应，故为正确答案。
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