The basic distinction between achievement and proficiency tests is to be found in the different purposes for which the two kinds

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问题     The basic distinction between achievement and proficiency tests
is to be found in the different purposes for which the two kinds of【M1】______
test are put. Achievement tests are designing to measure the effects【M2】______
of a specific program of instruction or training. The aim of proficiency
tests, on the other hand, is to determine whether their language
ability corresponds to specific requirements. Examples of such
requirements might be: sufficient ability of French to act as a guide to【M3】______
French tourists in Turkey, or enough English to study at an American
university. Decisions as to whether that a candidate meets those【M4】______
requirements would be made without reference to the language
courses he or she may have taken.
    The distinction between achievement tests and proficiency tests is
a generally useful one. It makes us aware, among other things, that
apparently successful performance on a course, which measured by【M5】______
an achievement test based directly on that course, does not necessarily
imply the acquisition of a certain proficiency, even when the course
is tended to develop that proficiency: the course itself may be【M6】______
deficient. Someone who shows high achievement of a badly【M7】______
designed course of French for Guides may still have sufficient【M8】______
French to perform successfully as a guide.
    While I accept the general distinction between achievement
tests and proficiency tests, mere is one respect in which I agree【M9】______
with most of the language testing literature and with usual testing
practice. My disagreement concerns the way in which the content
of the two kinds of tests be determined.【M10】______
【M5】

选项

答案which→as

解析 语法错误。which通常引导非限制性定语从句,而as引导状语从句,表示“如同……,为……之事实”,符合句意。
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