首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
In many classrooms around the country, teachers are emphasizing, and periodically testing, students’ reading fluency, the curren
In many classrooms around the country, teachers are emphasizing, and periodically testing, students’ reading fluency, the curren
admin
2011-02-11
46
问题
In many classrooms around the country, teachers are emphasizing, and periodically testing, students’ reading fluency, the current buzzword in reading instruction. The problem is that speed isn’t the only element to fluency, educators said, Key elements are also accuracy and expressiveness.
"The food was delectable" is different from "the food was detestable," and Shakespeare should not sound like a chemistry textbook.
It is a complicated process teaching students to recognize enough words and read at a consistent rate so they can spend their time concentrating on meaning rather than decoding, educators said. And when tackling a book such as "The Giver," one that deals with a boy’s discovery that his utopian world comes at the expense of the stifling of intellectual and emotional freedom, meaning is critical.
"Fluent readers are readers who know how to dig into a book and pull out just what they are looking for—whether it is information, a part with strong language, a part with good character development, or just a chance to read for fun," said Susan Marantz, a longtime teacher now at a suburban school in Columbus, Ohio.
Yet u combination of politics, insufficient teacher development and an inherent difficulty in capturing all aspects of fluency have led to questionable instruction practices, according to Richard Allington, a reading researcher and University of Tennessee professor.
Many students are asked by teachers to reread the same passages over and over—often with constant interruptions from the teacher. And some struggling readers are given books—including textbooks—that are above their reading level and soon become a source of frustration.
"You can make any adult a disfluent reader by giving them books that are too hard and jump in and interrupt them a lot," Allington said. "What do you think it does to kids?"
As a result, some kids are motivated to read only to beat a test clock, he and other researchers said.
"The more important question to ask is: Are teachers focusing on all three parts of fluency?" Beers, vice president-elect of the National Council of Teachers of English, wrote in an e-mail. "When fluency is only about building automaticity (and therefore speed), then some (teachers) do mistakenly believe that the point of reading is fast decoding. That’s no more the best measure of a skilled reader than fast driving is the best measure of skilled driver."
The current interest in reading fluency illustrates the complexities in the long national argument about how best to teach reading, dubbed the "reading wars."
Advocates of phonics and literature-based instruction have been at odds for years, with the argument only intensifying after a controversial 2000 report by the National Reading Panel. Many reading experts said the panel relied on a limited set of studies that supported, among other things, intensive drilling in phonics. Reading fluency also was one of the key areas for instruction, along with phonemic awareness and phonics instruction, comprehension, teacher education and computer technology. President Bush used the report as a basis for Reading First, a program to improve reading scores that became the centerpiece of his No Child Let Behind law.
Although fluency had long been identified by experts as important, it then became a hot issue.
Reading researchers began devising programs to help teachers improve students’ fluency. And although there was no consensus definition of fluency, panels approving Reading First money accepted programs that used tools that stressed reading speed, according to some educators. A report by the Department of Education’s inspector general this month slammed the grant-approval processing, saying it was riddled with problems and conflicts of interest.
The result, said fluency expert Tim Rasinski of Kent State University, was a massage strut to schools to concentrate on speed. "The influence of No Child Left Behind has been such that even schools that aren’t Reading First schools are doing periodic (speed reading) testing of kids," he said.
In Ottumwa, Iowa, Evans Middle School did it a different way. Evans was declared a school in need of improvement in reading in 2004, and Principal Davis Eidahl said he adopted a program focused on reading fluency using a model constructed by Rasinski aimed at improving comprehension.
Some students, he said, came into the school reading fast but understanding little.
"They read so fast, with no punctuation and no expression that we’d go back and ask comprehension questions and they weren’t very successful answering them." he said.
To slow them down and teach them to talk with expression and comprehension, various exercises were used, including having children read passages to each other and listen to how they sound when reading, asking students to repeat passages, and adding 45 more minutes of reading time each day, he said.
Now, 71 percent of the kids am reading at grade level, up from 58 percent two years ago. What worked, Eidahl said, was addressing all aspects of fluency, maintaining consistency and most importantly, having a quality teacher.
"It all comes down to the teacher," he said. "It’s people, not programs."
It can be inferred from tile passage that "Giver" is a book which ______.
选项
A、contains many new and difficult words
B、has many levels of meaning
C、is easy to read
D、is about a boy’s discovery
答案
B
解析
举这个例子旨在说明meaning is critical,所以选B,而其他选项与这一目的关系不大。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/sGYO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
A、thefiercerivalryofthecurrentratings"sweep"B、TVdramas’growingtendencytotransformnewsintofictionC、writers’incr
Peoplearemovingtocitiesindroves.In1950,two-thirdsoftheworld’spopulationlivedinthecountryside.NewYorkwasthe
Peoplearemovingtocitiesindroves.In1950,two-thirdsoftheworld’spopulationlivedinthecountryside.NewYorkwasthe
Peoplearemovingtocitiesindroves.In1950,two-thirdsoftheworld’spopulationlivedinthecountryside.NewYorkwasthe
HumanitiesDisciplinesInmanypeople’seyes,thehumanitiesdisciplinesseemtobedyingout.However,actually,students
HumanitiesDisciplinesInmanypeople’seyes,thehumanitiesdisciplinesseemtobedyingout.However,actually,students
HumanitiesDisciplinesInmanypeople’seyes,thehumanitiesdisciplinesseemtobedyingout.However,actually,students
随机试题
脚制动突然失灵时,驾驶人要沉着镇静,握紧转向把,______进行减速。
患者,男,5岁,头皮部初起丘疹色红,灰白色鳞屑成斑,毛发干枯,轻易折断,易于拔落而不疼痛,自觉瘙痒。其诊断是()。
通常我们把()称为第一次产业革命,把()称为第二次产业革命。
下列不属于个人理财业务的相关主体的是()。
根据以下资料回答题。2009年江苏省实现地区生产总值34061.19亿元,比上年增长12.4%。其中,第一产业增加值2201.64亿元,增长4.5%;第二产业增加值18416.13亿元,增长12.5%;第三产业增加值13443.42亿元,增长13.6%。
平素体弱又不轻易锻炼身体的人,从蹲位突然站起来,往往会出现头晕、眼前发黑,甚至晕倒现象,其原因是:
基于题干,回答问题L、M和N三个人中的每一个人都从一街头小贩那里至少买一种食物,该小贩仅售F、H、P和s四种食物。他们根据以下条件来选择他们的食物:(1)每个人最多只买每种食物的一份;(2)若三个人中的某个人买了H,则他不买S;
甲与乙银行签订借款合同,双方约定:借款金额为200万元,借款期限自2008年6月起至2008年12月止。甲同时提供自己的一幢房屋作为抵押,双方另行于2008年7月签订书面抵押合同,并于8月办理了抵押登记。同时,丙为甲的借款提供全额连带保证责任。9月,甲将房
Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommittedbyyoungpeople)focuseitherontheindividualor
A、Itmightincreaseairportcapacity.B、Itmightlowerpropertyvalues.C、Itmightleadtoeffectivemodificationofexistingje
最新回复
(
0
)