首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Environmental Science What happened during the agricultural expansion in the southern Great Plains?
Environmental Science What happened during the agricultural expansion in the southern Great Plains?
admin
2014-09-29
65
问题
Environmental Science
What happened during the agricultural expansion in the southern Great Plains?
Environmental Science
Narrator
Listen to part of a lecture in an environmental science class.
Professor
OK, now let’s talk about another environmental concern—soil erosion. It’s a major problem, all around the world. Sometimes erosion damages soil so severely that the land can no longer be cultivated and it’s just abandoned. That happened in a big way right here in the United States. Some of you have probably read the novel The Grapes of Wrath. And maybe you remember that the story took place in the 1930s, during the time of what was called the Dust Bowl.
Dust Bowl is a term we use to describe an ecological and human disaster that took place in the southern Great Plains region. For nearly eight years, dust and sand blew across the area and covered everything. It was so bad it even made breathing and eating difficult. . . and farmers could only look on helplessly as their crops were destroyed and the land .. . and their lives ... ruined.
Now, there’d always been droughts and strong winds in that region. But that was OK because the native grasses had deep roots in the ground that were able to hold the soil in place. So the wind wasn’t able to, you know, erode the soil too badly. This changed, though, between 1900 and 1930. Agriculture was expanding rapidly then, and lots of farmers in the southern Great Plains wanted to grow wheat and other crops they could sell for cash—uh, crops that would be profitable. So they ripped up much of the grassland to plant these crops like wheat, which don’t hold the soil down nearly as well. At the same time, livestock—uh, cattle, too many of them—were feeding on grasses in the area and damaging a lot of the grassland. So these animals caused even more erosion of the soil.
It didn’t help that many of the actual owners of the land were not living anywhere near the area—a lot of the landowners lived way back east, and rented out the land to local people who lived on the land and worked on it, but, um, didn’t have much reason to take really good care of it. I mean, it wasn’t their land, right? The tenant farmers weren’t really interested in conserving someone else’s soil—not for the long term, anyway.
Also, some thought the land couldn’t really be damaged—you know, that the soil was so rich and deep that... it didn’t matter if the topsoil, the soil on the surface, blew away. They thought they could just plow up more. But they were wrong. Good top-soil takes a long time to form—it can literally take thousands of years to create good topsoil that will grow vegetation—and a very short time to ruin it. So after only a few years of excessive plowing, the land pretty much couldn’t be farmed anymore. And people moved on to other places and let the old areas just sit there. And when they didn’t plant anything on that land, that made it vulnerable to even more erosion. So it was kind of a vicious cycle, you could say.
Another problem, ironically, was that advances in technology were actually destroying the land, instead of improving it. A lot of farmers were using huge new tractors that dug deep into the ground and tore up a lot of the soil.
And then, of course, there was the weather. You know, when people look back on the Dust Bowl era, they tend to blame the drought—the lack of rain between 1934 and 1937. We can’t ignore the drought—I mean, it was the worst on record at the time and did help bring on this disaster. But—without the soil destruction—the drought alone wouldn’t have resulted in the devastation we call the Dust Bowl. It was poor farming techniques that made that happen.
Since then, though, we’ve paid more attention to trying to prevent a future Dust Bowl. One thing Congress did was enact a massive government effort to improve soil conservation, called the Soil Erosion Act. Under this law, large stretches of land in the southern Great Plains were identified as being at risk for erosion and were taken out of production and turned into permanent grassland. What that did—by protecting the land from excessive farming—was to stabilize the soil. Also, the Soil Erosion Act helped educate farmers to practice better soil conservation techniques, like reducing how often they plowed and using better equipment that would, you know, minimize damage to the soil structure.
选项
A、People improved the soil by planting wheat.
B、Raising cattle and other livestock became less common.
C、Most of the landowners became farmers.
D、Much of the grassland was destroyed.
答案
D
解析
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/sHfO777K
0
托福(TOEFL)
相关试题推荐
Completethenotesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.GOODBYEPARTYFORJOH
Choosethecorrectletter,A,BorC.CourseFeedbackWhatisHiroko’ssubjectarea?
Completethesentencesbelow.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.TheBritishLibraryAllthelibraryroomstogethe
Whatinformationwasgivenbyeachwriter?ChooseyouranswersfromtheboxandwritethelettersA-FnexttoQuestions24-27.A
ChooseTWOletters,A-E.WhatTWOmaincriteriaareusedtojudgethefilmcompetition?AAbilitytopersuade.BQualityofth
Completethesentencesbelow.WriteONEWORDAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.Prepare______,onefortheteacher,anotherfort
Completethesentencesbelow.WriteONEWORDAND/ORANUMBERforeachanswer.MountRushmoreThegovernmentfinallypaid$_____
ChooseTWOletters,A-E.WhichTWOsubjectsdidMartinalikebestbeforegoingtouniversity?AArtBHistoryCFrenchDEnglish
EngineeringforsustainabledevelopmentTheGreenhouseProject(Himalayanmountainregion)ProblemShortgrowingseason
(Asdo)allinsects,abutterflyhasahard(outer)covering,(calledit)anexoskeleton,(thatboth)supportsandprotectsthe
随机试题
根据地早期诗歌主要是朗诵诗和()
第一步第四步
A.膜性肾小球肾炎B.急性肾盂肾炎C.慢性肾盂肾炎D.快速进行性肾小球肾炎E.慢性肾炎
男,42岁。呕吐、腹泻2天,意识模糊、烦躁不安半天急诊入院。查体:血压110/70mmHg,神志恍惚,巩膜中度黄染,颈部可见数枚蜘蛛痣。心肺未见异常,腹软,肝肋下未触及,脾肋下3cm,双上肢散在出血点。检查:Hb90g/L,WBC3.22×109/L,血糖
(2017年第31题)下列()建筑属于高层建筑。
20世纪70年代,我国同广大的第三世界国家建立起外交关系,加强了国家间的理解与交流。下列对我国同第三世界国家建交的意义表述有误的是()。
设m,n是平面α内的两条不同直线;l1,l2是平面β内的两条相交直线,则α∥β的一个充分而不必要条件是().
下列选项不属于学校公益性表现的是()。
1981年6月,党的十一届四中全会通过了《中国共产党中央委员会关于建国以来党的若干历史问题的决议》,标志着党在指导思想上完成了拨乱反正的任务。()
[*]
最新回复
(
0
)