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  3. The more medical science discovers about the complex interplay between nature and nurture, genetics and environment, the larger

The more medical science discovers about the complex interplay between nature and nurture, genetics and environment, the larger

admin2021-11-29  3
问题     The more medical science discovers about the complex interplay between nature and nurture, genetics and environment, the larger the role family history appears to play in disease. Last month’s announcement that most of the 30,000-plus genes in the human genome had been identified is likely to prompt a better understanding of family-related illness and new gene-based treatments. But until such treatments are available, people with a family history of certain diseases need to be watchful. They also need to remember that for most diseases, family history is not destiny.
    If you have what’s known as a first-degree relative — a parent or sibling — who has been diagnosed with an illness, say, cancer, then your risk of developing the same illness rises. Having two affected first-degree relatives, or family members across generations — your mother and your grandmother — increases your risk further. "If the illness is occurring in multiple, close relatives, at younger ages than is typical for that disease, and over more than one generation, you have a truly problematic family history, says Robin Bennett of the Medical Genetics Clinic at the University of Washington Medical Center.
    In families afflicted with certain inherited disorders such as sickle cell anemia and cystic fibrosis, genes alone seem to determine who gets sick. But for most people, family history, lifestyle, and environment all influence which illnesses they develop, and at what age. Even if you have strong family history of, say, breast cancer, heart disease, or diabetes, taking advantage of the proven screening tests and treatments and changing your lifestyle may tip the odds back in your favor.
    Nearly everyone faces some kind of genetic risk. By comparing the health histories of twins with same genetic makeup, scientists have estimated the contribution genes make to trait like weight, cholesterol level, and blood pressure. Kenneth Kendler, a professor of psychiatry and genetics at the medical College of Virginia, has found that genes contribute heavily to some mental disorders, too. "We’re pretty sure that with schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, 70 or 80 percent is inherited. Alcohol and drug dependence, 50 to 60 percent. Depression, 35 to 40 percent." Even so, he adds, "The strongest predictor of major depression is still your life experience. There aren’t genes that make you depressed; there are genes that make you vulnerable to depression."
According to the text, which of the following conditions has more to do with genes?
选项 A、Bipolar disorders.
B、Drug dependence.
C、Depression.
D、Sickle cell anemia.
答案D
解析 细节题。文章第三段指出，在患有某种遗传病的家庭，比如镰状细胞血症和囊肿型纤维化症，基因本身就似乎可以决定谁会患病。D是正确答案。
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