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  3. Seventeenth-century houses in colonial North America were simple structures that were primarily functional, carrying over tradit

Seventeenth-century houses in colonial North America were simple structures that were primarily functional, carrying over tradit

admin2012-07-17  74
问题     Seventeenth-century houses in colonial North America were simple structures that were primarily functional, carrying over traditional designs that went back to the Middle Ages. During the first half of the eighteenth century, however, houses began to show a new elegance. As wealth increased, more and more colonists built fine houses.
    Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies, the design of buildings was left either to amateur designers or to carpenters who undertook to interpret architectural manuals imported from England. Inventories of colonial libraries show an astonishing number of these handbooks for builders, and the houses erected during the eighteenth century show their influence. Nevertheless, most domestic architecture of the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century displays a wide divergence of taste and freedom of application of the rules laid down in these books.
    Increasing wealth and growing sophistication throughout the colonies resulted in houses of improved design, whether the material was wood, stone, or brick. New England still favored wood, though brick houses became common in Boston and other towns, where the danger of fire gave an impetus (推动,促进) to the use of more durable material. A few houses in New England were built of stone, but only in Pennsylvania and adjacent areas was stone widely used in dwellings. An increased use of brick in houses and outbuildings is noticeable in Virginia and Maryland, but wood remained the most popular material even in houses built by wealthy landowners. In the Carolinas, even in closely packed Charleston, wooden houses were much more common than brick houses.
    Eighteenth-century houses showed great interior improvements over their predecessors. Windows were made larger and shutters removed. Large, clear panes replaced the small leaded glass of the seventeenth century. Doorways were larger and more decorative.     Fireplaces became decorative features of rooms. Walls were made of plaster or wood, sometimes elaborately (精心地，精巧地) paneled (镶嵌，分格). White paint began to take the place of blues, yellows, greens, and lead colors, which had been popular for walls in the earlier years. After about 1730, advertisements for wallpaper styles in scenic patterns began to appear in colonial newspapers.
According to the passage, who was responsible for designing houses in eighteenth-century North America?
选项 A、Professional architects.
B、Customers.
C、Interior decorators.
D、Carpenters.
答案D
解析 本题是一道具体细节题。问根据文章内容，是谁负责18世纪北美洲的房屋设计的。文章第二段指出，由于在殖民地建筑设计还没成为一种专业工作，因此房屋设计的担子就落在了业余设计者或木匠的身上。他们参照从英格兰带来的建筑手册设计房子，殖民地的图书馆的藏书里现在有令人吃惊的大量的建筑指南手册，而18世纪建造的那些房子也深受这些书的影响，但是18世纪70年代前的家庭建筑也表现出设计者的爱好有所不同和他们灵活运用书中所列的常规做法的差异。因此，本题的正确答案应是D“木匠”。
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