首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Writing a Research Paper I. Research Paper and Ordinary Essay A. Similarity in 【T1】______: 【T1】______ e.g. — choosing a topic —
Writing a Research Paper I. Research Paper and Ordinary Essay A. Similarity in 【T1】______: 【T1】______ e.g. — choosing a topic —
admin
2019-04-25
56
问题
Writing a Research Paper
I. Research Paper and Ordinary Essay
A. Similarity in 【T1】______: 【T1】______
e.g.
— choosing a topic
— asking questions
— 【T2】______ the audience 【T2】______
B. Difference mainly in terms of 【T3】______ 【T3】______
1. research paper printed sources
2. ordinary essay: ideas in one’s 【T4】______ 【T4】______
II. Types and Characteristics of Research Papers
A. Number of basic types: two
B. Characteristics:
1. survey-type paper:
— to gather 【T5】______ 【T5】______
— to 【T6】______ 【T6】______
— to 【T7】______ 【T7】______
— to paraphrase
The writer should be 【T8】______. 【T8】______
2. argumentative (research)paper:
a. The writer should do more, e.g.
— to 【T9】______ 【T9】______
— to question, etc.
b. 【T10】______varies with the topic, e.g. 【T10】______
— to recommend an action, etc.
III. How to Choose a Topic for a Research Paper
In choosing a topic, it is important to 【T11】______. 【T11】______
Question No. 1: your 【T12】______ with the topic 【T12】______
Question No. 2: 【T13】______ of relevant information on 【T13】______
the chosen topic
Question No. 3: narrowing the topic down to 【T14】______ 【T14】______
Question No. 4: asking questions about 【T15】______ 【T15】______
The questions help us to work our way into the topic and discover its possibilities.
【T12】
Writing a Research Paper
I think as seniors, you are often required by your instructors to do some library research on this topic or that. And, in the end, you have to write a research paper, right? Then what is writing a research paper like? How are we going to write one? What are the steps in producing a research paper and what are the points we need to take care of? In today’s lecture, I’ll try to answer these questions.
First of all, what is writing a research paper like? We may start by comparing it to an ordinary essay, a form of writing you are very familiar with. Writing a research paper is much like writing an essay. Both kinds of writing involve many of the same basic steps. That is choosing a topic, asking questions to define and develop the topic, identifying the audience, getting raw material to work with, outlining the paper, writing it, and, finally, revising it. These are the steps shared between research paper writing and essay writing. Is there any difference, you may ask. Yes. What makes a research paper different is that much of your raw material comes not from your own head, but from printed sources: mainly books and periodicals in the library. Collecting raw material, that is reading books and taking notes, is very much like the process of brainstorming at the prewriting stage of an ordinary essay.
Generally speaking, there are two basic types of research papers, and a paper may belong to either type. It may be a survey of facts and opinions available on a given topic or an analytical argument that uses those facts and opinions to prove a point. Your instructor may tell you which kind of paper you are expected to write. If not, you yourself should eventually choose between surveying and arguing. You will then have a definite way of managing your sources.
Now, let’s take a look at how you are going to write a survey-type research paper or an argumentative research paper. In a survey-type research paper, you gather facts and a variety of opinions on a given topic. You make little attempt to interpret or evaluate what your sources say or to prove a particular point. Instead, through quotation, summary, and paraphrase, you try to provide a representative sampling of facts and opinions, to give an objective report on your topic. You explain the pros and cons of various attitudes or opinions, but you don’t side definitely with any one of them.
While in an argumentative research paper, you do considerably more. You do not simply quote, paraphrase, and summarize as you do in a survey-type paper. You interpret, question, compare, and judge the statements you cite. You explain why one opinion is sound and another is not: why one fact is relevant and another is not: why one writer is correct and another is mistaken. What’s more, your purpose may vary with your topic. You may try to explain a situation, to recommend a course of action, to reveal the solution to a problem, or to present and defend a particular interpretation of a historical event or a work of art. But whether the topic is space travel or trends in contemporary American literature, an argumentative research paper deals actively—I say it again, actively—with the statements it cites. It makes these statements work together in an argument that you create, that is, an argument leading to a conclusion of your own.
In the next part of the lecture, I’d like to talk about one of the basic steps in writing I mentioned earlier in the lecture, that is how to choose a topic. Choosing a topic for a research paper is in some ways like choosing a topic for an ordinary essay, but there are some differences. As you think about your topic, ask yourself these questions:
Question number one: Do you really want to know more about this topic? This is the initial question you have to ask yourself, because research on any subject will keep you busy for weeks. You certainly do not wish to waste your time on something you have little interest in. You will do it well only if you expect to learn something interesting or important in the process.
Question number two: Are you likely to find many sources of information on this topic? You cannot write a research paper without consulting a variety of sources. If only one source or none at all is readily available, you should rethink your topic or choose another.
Question number three: Can you cut the topic down to a manageable size? Be reasonable and realistic about what you can do in a short period, say, two to four weeks. If your topic is "The American Revolution", you’ll scarcely have time to make a list of books on your subject, let alone read and analyze them. So try to find something specific, such as "The Role of Thomas Jefferson in the American Revolution" or "The Franco-American Alliance".
Question number four What questions can you ask about the topic itself? Questions help you get the topic down to a manageable size, discover its possibilities, and find the goal of your research, that is, the specific problem you want to investigate. Suppose you want to write about the issue of financing a college education—a topic not only current, but also directly linked to the lives of most college students and their families. You could ask at least two or three pointed questions: How much does educational opportunity depend on financial status? Is financial aid going to the students who need it most? How much should universities and colleges charge their students? You can ask yourself these questions or more as you start work on the research paper.
Okay. To sum up, in today’s lecture, we’ve looked at some of the issues in research paper writing, like the basic steps, types of research paper, and how to choose a topic. In our next lecture, we’ll concentrate on how to identify the audience, how to work out an outline, and how to edit the draft.
选项
答案
familiarity
解析
本题涉及选择主题时需要问自己的4个问题中的第1个:是否想了解更多。概括来说,是需要回顾询问自己对所要选的主题既有的熟悉程度,故答案可填familiarity。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/sYEK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
TherearedifferenttheoriesofLanguageDevelopment.Thelearningperspectivearguesthatchildrenimitatewhattheyseeandh
Culturesaredifferentbecausethelocationstheyexistinaredifferent.Somepeoplelivinginthedesert,aregoingtolived
Inanagewhereglobalizationisthetrend,learningaforeignlanguagebecomesessential.Becauseofglobalization,citizenso
TheAmericanmedicalschoolisnowwellalonginthesecondcenturyofitshistory.Itbegan,butformanyyearscontinuedto【S1
ThereareagrowingnumberoflanguageimmersionschoolsintheUnitedStates,includingonethatwasfoundedinColumbiacall
StudyActivitiesinUniversityInordertohelpcollegeanduniversitystudentsintheprocessoflearning,fourkeystudy
WillChineseReplaceEnglish?ChineselanguagehasmanyadvantagesoverEuropeanlanguagesandthespeakerthinksChineseispos
Thesituationcomedyhasprovedtoaremarkablydurablecommercialtelevisionformat.
A、Psychiatrist.B、Psychologist.C、Physician.D、Photographer.A根据句(1)可知,大卫.巴赫是一名精神病学家,同时是消费者与商业频道“内在的百万富翁”节目的金钱顾问,因此[A]为本题答案。
A、Europe.B、Asia.C、Australia.D、NewZealand.D在谈到出口时,男士说没什么国家会从澳大利亚进口香蕉,只有新西兰有小部分是从澳大利亚进口,即D。后面还进一步说,虽然澳大利亚每年种植大量香蕉,但都是给国内市场的。
随机试题
根据剩余股利政策,确定股利发放率应考虑的因素包括()
患者男性,55岁,肝硬化病史10年,2d前聚餐后呕血,约1000ml,伴心慌、头痛、乏力,给与输血补液后好转。该患者的治疗措施应包括
钢筋混凝土梁纵向受力钢筋通常布置在梁的()区。
项目全寿命管理中,项目决策阶段的管理被称为______。
对于公共建筑而言,消防电梯与防烟楼梯间合用的前室的面积不应小于()m2。
下列观点不属于达尔文进化理论的是()。
张某的次子乙,平时经常因琐事滋事生非,无端打骂张某。一日,乙与其妻发生争吵,张某过来劝说。乙转而辱骂张某并将其踢倒在地,并掏出身上的水果刀欲刺张某,张某起身逃跑,乙随后紧追。张某的长子甲见状,随手从门口拿起扁担朝乙的颈部打了一下,将乙打昏在地上。张某顺手拿
已知关于x的方程3x2+px+5=0,求p值.(1)已知该方程有一根为x=一1;(2)设该方程的两根为x1和x2,而
结合材料回答问题:党的十九大提出“积极稳妥推进政治体制改革”、“加强宪法实施和监督,推进合宪性审查工作,维护宪法权威”和“深化机构和行政体制改革,统筹考虑各类机构设置,完善国家机构组织法”。党的十九届二中全会专门讨论修宪问题。党的十九届三中全会提
THREETHEORIESABOUTORIGINOFLIFE(1)Oxygenandnitrogenaremajorcomponentsofourcurrentatmosphere.Butthekindsof
最新回复
(
0
)