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  3. Marteza Hasani fled Afghanistan in 2005 when he was six years old. During the war there, he found his father’s body, in front of

Marteza Hasani fled Afghanistan in 2005 when he was six years old. During the war there, he found his father’s body, in front of

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问题     Marteza Hasani fled Afghanistan in 2005 when he was six years old. During the war there, he found his father’s body, in front of his family home. That was the first of many unimaginable traumas he faced before arriving in Germany as a refugee in 2015. "I couldn’t get the image of my father out of my head," he says.
    Hasani is one of more than 100 refugees who have taken part in a study to examine how mental health can be damaged by such traumas—it is perhaps the largest and most detailed of young refugees’ psychological status carried out so far. Young people who flee their countries are already at greater risk of developing mental-health problems than is the general population. Migration itself is known to be a factor in developing such disorders—but many refugees also experience violent and life-threatening events before and during their flight. The latest study is the first to try to quantify how these events affect psychiatric problems—and it finds that the risk of developing mental-health problems, and their severity, rise significantly with each accumulated trauma a person has experienced.
    Environmental stressors can increase the risk of young people developing psychiatric disorders, particularly if they already have a slight genetic predisposition. These range from experiencing or witnessing violence to migration and living in cities. In a 2014 study, Ehrenreich showed that even being the child of a migrant constitutes such a risk.
    Neurologist and psychiatrist Martin Begemann conducted detailed physical, psychological and cognitive examinations of each participant. He asked about their traumatic experiences, which often included torture, slavery and physical abuse. He found scars from gunshot wounds, stabbings, explosions, burns and electric shocks on 40％ of the participants. Begemann then conducted interviews to determine whether the participants showed signs of depression, psychosis or cognitive difficulties. He organized psychiatric treatment for those who needed it.
    The researchers used their assessments to quantify a person’s overall risk of mental-health problems, and found that this rose stepwise with the number of risk factors experienced. In addition, refugees’ ability to cope with daily life declined with each additional trauma. The team also found some factors that had been thought to be "psychologically protective", such as fleeing with a family member or a friend, didn’t seem to mitigate the effects of the negative stressors.
    The authors note that stressors continue in host nations—for example, poor living conditions, multiple relocations, social exclusion and hostility towards refugees because they are foreigners. Stressful conditions such as these in many centres only add to the risk and the latest work emphasizes this, says Peter Ventevogel, senior mental-health officer at the UN Refugee Agency. For participants such as Hasani, the study was beneficial because it led him into psychiatric therapy. "Now I am feeling better and can sleep," he says.
Researchers attributed the rise of the severity of the psychiatric problems to________.
选项 A、genetic disposition
B、increased emotional pains
C、being the child of a migrant
D、racial discrimination
答案B
解析 根据题目关键词the rise of the severity of the psychiatric problems定位到文章第二段最后一句，该句提到the risk of developing mental-health problems, and their severity, rise significantly with each accumulated trauma a person has experienced，即心理问题的严重性随着创伤的累积而上升，原文中mental-health problems在题目中被替换为psychiatric problems，因此，B项为答案。在第三段的第一句中提到Environmental stressors can increase the risk of young people developing psychiatric disorders…(环境压力因素会增加年轻人患精神疾病的风险，特别是如果他们已经有轻微的遗传倾向)，由此可知，遗传倾向并不是年轻人患精神疾病的主要原因，更不是严重性上升的原因，故A项“遗传倾向”应排除；在第三段最后一句中提到“即使是移民的孩子也有这样的风险”，即患精神疾病的风险，故C项“作为移民的孩子”也不是精神疾病严重性上升的原因，应排除；第六段开头提到外国人身份使难民们受到很多压力，接着表示这些压力增加了患精神疾病的风险，但并没有提到与精神疾病严重性上升的关系，故D项应排除。
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