首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Suppose you go into a fruiter’s shop, wanting an apple—you take up one, and on biting it you find it is sour; you look at it, an
Suppose you go into a fruiter’s shop, wanting an apple—you take up one, and on biting it you find it is sour; you look at it, an
admin
2010-02-20
25
问题
Suppose you go into a fruiter’s shop, wanting an apple—you take up one, and on biting it you find it is sour; you look at it, and see that it is hard and green. You take up another one, and that, too, is hard, green, and sour. The shopman offers you a third; but before biting it, you examine it, and you find that it is hard and green, and you immediately say that you will not have it, as it must be sour, like those that you have already tried.
Nothing can be simpler than that, you think; but if you will take the trouble to analyze and trace out into its logical elements what has been done by the mind, you will be greatly surprised. In the first place you have performed that operation of induction. You find that, in two experiences, hardness and greenness in apples went together with sourness. It was so in the first case, and it was confirmed by the second. True, it is a very small basis, but still it is enough from which to make the induction; you generalize the facts, and you expect to find sourness in apples where you get hardness and greenness. You found upon that a general law, that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, so far as it goes, is a perfect induction. Well, having got your natural law in this way, when you are offered another apple which you find is hard and green, you say, "All hard and green apples are sour; this apple is hard and green;therefore, this apple is sour." That train of reasoning is what logicians call a syllogism, and has all its various parts and terms--its major premises, its minor premises, and its conclusion. And, by the help of further reasoning, which, if drawn out, would have to be exhibited in two or three other syllogisms, you arrive at your final determination. "I will not have that apple." So that, you see, you have, in the first place, established a law by induction, and reasoned out the special particular case.
Well now, suppose, having got your conclusion of the law, that at sometime afterwards, you are discussing the qualities of apple with a friend; you will say to him, "It is a very curious thing, but I find that all hard and green apples are sour!" Your friend says to you, "But how do you know that?" You at once reply, "Oh, because I have tried them over and over again, and have always found them to be so." Well, if we were talking science instead of common sense, we should call that an experimental verification. And, if still opposed, you go further, and say, "I have heard from people in Somersetshire and Devonshire, where a large number of apples are grown, and in London, where many apples are sold and eaten, that they have observed the same thing. It is also found to be the case in Normandy, and in North America. In short, I find the universal experience of man- kind wherever attention had been directed to the subject." Whereon your friend, unless he is a very unreasonable man, agrees with you, and is convinced that you are quite right in the conclusion you have drawn. He believes, although perhaps he does not know he believes it, that the more extensive verifications have been made, the more results of the same kind are arrived at--that the more varied the conditions under which the same re- suits are attained, the more certain is the ultimate conclusion, and he disputes the question no further. He sees that the experiment has been tried under all sorts of conditions, as to time, place, and people, with the same result; and he says to you, therefore, that the law you have laid down must be a good one, and he must believe it. (654)
The underlined term "natural law" as it appears in the middle of the second paragraph refers to _______.
选项
A、common sense
B、the "honor system"
C、the result of an induction
D、the order of nature
答案
C
解析
事实细节题。由“natural law”出现的前——句话You found upon that a general law,that all hard and green apples are sour;and that,so far as it goes,is a perfect induction.可知这个“自然规律”就是指前面刚刚提到的归纳结果——“又青又硬的苹果都是酸的”。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/soqO777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
Governmentbondmarketsaresupposedtobetheaccountantsofthefinancialworld:calm,steadyandrational.Theyarenotsuppo
Governmentbondmarketsaresupposedtobetheaccountantsofthefinancialworld:calm,steadyandrational.Theyarenotsuppo
WhatdoesChicagomayormeanbysayingthat"...youaresupposedtojust,onyourown,turnthataround."(para.4)?Britain
WhatdoesChicagomayormeanbysayingthat"...youaresupposedtojust,onyourown,turnthataround."(para.4)?Britain
WhatdoesChicagomayormeanbysayingthat"...youaresupposedtojust,onyourown,turnthataround."(para.4)?Britain
EmployeesintheUSarepaidfortheirtime.Thismeansthattheyaresupposedto
Whatimpactcanmobilephoneshaveontheirusers’health?Manypeopleworryaboutthesupposedilleffectscausedbyradiation
Utopiasaresupposedtobedreamsofthefuture.ButtheAmericanUtopia?Latelyit’sadreamthatwas,atwilitmemoryoftheG
Lunarsight-seeingtripsandorbitingspacehotelsarewithinreach,moonwalkingastronautEdwin"Buzz"Aldrinsaidlastweek,b
随机试题
下列哪项与多囊卵巢不相关
A.远端掌屈位复位B.远端后伸位复位C.远端旋前位复位D.远端旋后位复位E.远端外层位复位下列病例手法复位时应采用以上哪种方式:男性,30岁,右前臂被机器碾压伤,X线摄片提示尺桡骨中上段骨折
A.VdB.ClC.CmaxD.AUCE.Css评价指标“药峰浓度”可用英文缩写为()。
公路水运检测机构要申请换证复核必须是()信用等级为B级。
根据《城市排水工程规划规范》,城市污水收集、输送不能采用的方式是()。
被绝热的设备与管道外表温度大于1000C时,绝热层材料应符合不燃类()材料性能要求。
要求发包人补偿费用损失,调整合同价格的索赔是()。
乙公司是一家图书销售企业,目前在全国拥有200多家图书销售实体店。随着网络电商参与图书经营,使销售图书的实体店受到严重冲击。为此,乙公司决定也在网上设立虚拟店铺,专门对图书进行销售。但因乙公司未有过进行信息技术运营的资源和经验,因此,乙公司将网络销售的相关
[2012年多选]关于共产主义理想实现的必然性,马克思主义除了从社会形态更替规律上作了一般性的历史观论证外还通过对资本主义社会的深入实证的剖析,科学地论证了()
PassaaeThreeIn70C.E.theRomanarmyinvadedJerusalemandexpelledtheJewsfromJudeaandSamaria.SomeoftheseJew
最新回复
(
0
)