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  3. Three striking facts highlight the dramatic shift in recent years in the relative economic balance of "first-world" and "third-w

Three striking facts highlight the dramatic shift in recent years in the relative economic balance of "first-world" and "third-w

admin2010-05-09  38
问题     Three striking facts highlight the dramatic shift in recent years in the relative economic balance of "first-world" and "third-world" economies. Last year, according to the estimates, emerging economies produced slightly more than half of world output measured at purchasing-power parity (等值). Second, they also accounted for more than half of the increase in global GDP in current-dollar terms. And third, perhaps most striking of all, the 32 biggest emerging economies, which we track weekly in The Economist and Economist.com, grew in both 2004 and 2005. Every previous year during the past three decades saw at least one country in recession--if not a deep crisis. Some economies will inevitably stumble over the coming years, but, thanks to sounder policies, most can look forward to rapid long-term growth. The young emerging economies have grown up in more ways than one.
    Such happenings are part of the biggest shift in economic strength since the emergence of the United States more than a century ago. As developing countries and the former Soviet block have embraced market-friendly economic reforms and opened their borders to trade and investment, more countries are industrializing than ever before--and more quickly. During their industrial revolutions America and Britain took 50 years to double their real incomes per head; today China is achieving that in a single decade. In an open world, it is much easier to catch up by adopting advanced countries’ technology than it is to be an economic leader that has to invent new technologies in order to keep growing. The shift in economic power towards emerging economies is therefore likely to continue. This is returning the world to the sort of state that endured throughout most of its history. People forget that, until the late 19th century, China and India were the world’s two biggest economies and today’s "emerging economies" accounted for the bulk of world production.
    Many bosses, workers and politicians in the rich world fear that the success of these newcomers will be at their own expense. But rich countries will gain more than they lose from the enrichment of others. Fears that the third world will steal rich-world output and jobs are based on the old fallacy that an increase in one country’s output must be at the expense of another’s. But more exports give developing countries more money to spend on imports--mainly from developed economies. Faster growth in poor countries is therefore more likely to increase the output of their richer counterparts than to reduce it. The emerging economies are helping to lift world GDP growth at the very time when the rich world’s ageing populations would otherwise cause growth to slow.
In the sentence "these newcomers will be at their own expense" (Line 2, Paragraph 3), "their" probably refers to ______.
选项 A、these newcomers
B、rich countries in "first-world"
C、many bosses, workers and politicians
D、bosses, workers and politicians in the rich world
答案D
解析 参见相关的原文：Many bosses, workers and politicians in the rich world fear that the success of these newcomers will be at their own expense．其大意是：富有国家中的许多老板、工人和政客害怕这些新来者的成功将会以他们自己的损失为代价。根据逻辑推论，此处的their为 bosses, workers and politicians in the rich world，故选项A为正确答案。
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