首页
外语
计算机
考研
公务员
职业资格
财经
工程
司法
医学
专升本
自考
实用职业技能
登录
外语
Resolving Conflict in a Multicultural Environment I. Definition of culture — Culture is a group which shapes a person’s【T1】_____
Resolving Conflict in a Multicultural Environment I. Definition of culture — Culture is a group which shapes a person’s【T1】_____
admin
2017-12-07
66
问题
Resolving Conflict in a Multicultural Environment
I. Definition of culture
— Culture is a group which shapes a person’s【T1】_____【T1】______
— Cultural identities originate from race,【T2】_____, gender, etc.【T2】______
II. Cultural assumptions Cause of cultural conflicts:
differences in values and【T3】______【T3】______
Example A:
— Women wrote excellent proposal but they failed in interview part
— They preferred to have【T4】_____ before being questioned【T4】______
Example B:
— A city in Alaska celebrated 200th year of fur Russian trader
— Native Indian tribe was offended
— The activity implied there was no【T5】_____ before【T5】______
III. Identifying cultural conflicts
Three dimensions of cultural conflicts
A. content
B.【T6】_____ issues【T6】______
C. clash of values
Three signs of identifying conflicts
— complex combinations of【T7】_____ about behaviors【T7】______
— If the previous two dimensions do not resolve the conflict, then cultural differences are the root cause
—【T8】_____ still causes conflict and emotion【T8】______
IV. Resolving cultural conflicts
Resolution 1:【T9】_____ the cultural dimension【T9】______
— acknowledgment that the conflict contains a cultural dimension
— all sides are【T10】_____ to deal with all conflict dimensions【T10】______
— systematic phased work is needed Four phases:
A.【T11】_____ of each other’s【T11】______
B. Understand cultural perception of both sides
C. Know how problems are handled【T12】_____【T12】______
D. Develop conflict solutions Resolution 2: Learning about other cultures
— Knowledge could be obtained from training programs,
reading, talking and【T13】_____【T13】______
— Acquiring a broad knowledge of【T14】_____, not stereotyping【T14】______
Resolution 3: Altering practices and procedures in the organizations
—【T15】_____ change is necessary to make system culturally sensitive【T15】______
【T4】
Resolving Conflict in a Multicultural Environment
Good morning, everyone. Today I will discuss cultural dimension in conflict and its resolution in application to local government entities. The demographic and cultural attitudes of the U.S. population are changing. Current statistical research shows that one out of four Americans is of Hispanic origin or a person of color. They would constitute the majority of the American population by the middle of the 21st century. The "melting pot" concept never became the reality. Currently, many groups prefer to maintain their traditions and beliefs and resist assimilation into Eurocentric or Anglo culture. Those demographic and perceptional changes create the necessity for governmental agencies to develop a better understanding of cultural differences and conflicts promoted by them. In today’s talk, I will briefly touch upon the definition of culture, cultural assumptions, and identify and resolve cultural conflicts.
First of all, the definition of culture.[1]Culture is a group which shapes a person’s values and identity. A single term used to define a particular culture is often exclusive. For example, the term "Hispanic" does not take into account cultural differences between Cuban-Americans and Mexican-Americans. Cultural identities can stem from the following differences:[2]race, ethnicity, gender, class, religion, country of origin and geographic region.
Secondly, about cultural assumptions.[3]Cultural conflicts arise because of the differences in values and norms of behavior of people from different cultures. A person acts according to the values and norms of his or her culture; another person holding a different worldview might interpret his or her behavior from an opposite standpoint. This situation creates misunderstanding and can lead to conflict. Often people of the mainstream America, the Anglo culture, perceive their behaviors and beliefs as an ultimate norm, forgetting that Anglo culture is just one of the multiple cultures existing in the USA They are often unable to perceive their own cultural distinctiveness. For example, a group of women wrote an excellent and detailed proposal, but did badly during the interview part of the evaluation. It happened because those women came from a culture where establishing personal relationships precedes business relationships.[4]These women felt uncomfortable when government officials did not allow time for casual conversation and immediately moved toward firing questions at them. The following case exemplifies how unintentionally one cultural group can hurt the feelings of the other. The city of Kenai, Alaska was planning a celebration of 200 years since the first Russian fur traders came to the region.[5]A Native Indian tribe which lived in Alaska for a thousand years was offended by the implication that before the Russians came to the region there was no civilization there. As a result the celebration turned to a year-long event and Native Indian culture became its basis. By the end of the celebration, the Kenai Bicentennial Visitors and Cultural Center was completed. Thus, accommodation of different cultural interests helped the region to recognize its historical past.
Thirdly, identifying cultural conflicts. Cultural conflict has three dimensions.[6]To the two dimensions that every conflict has—content and relational—cultural conflict adds the third one—"a clash of cultural values." This third dimension constitutes the foundation of the conflict since it determines personal identity. Cultural conflict can be identified by the following signs:(1)it usually has complicated dynamics.[7]Cultural differences mentioned above tend to create complex combinations of expectations about one’s own and others’ behaviors.(2)If addressing content and relational issues does not resolve the conflict, it can be rooted in cultural differences.(3)[8]Conflict reoccurs or raises strong emotions even though the issue of disagreement is insignificant.
Finally, when we identify the cultural conflicts, how could we resolve them? The resolution of cross-cultural conflict begins with identifying whether cultural issues are involved. There are three ways of cross-cultural conflict resolution.
Resolution 1:[9]Probing for the cultural dimension. The resolution process should start from the parties’ acknowledgment that their conflict contains a cultural dimension.[10]Next, there should be willingness on all sides to deal with all conflict dimensions including the cultural one. Third, systematic phased work on the conflict is needed. One expert has identified four phases:(1)[11]the parties describe what they find offensive in each other’s behavior,(2)they get an understanding of the other party’s cultural perceptions;(3)[12]they learn how the problem would be handled in the culture of the opponent;(4)they develop conflict solutions. Resolution of the conflict is particularly complicated if the conflict arose not just out of misunderstanding of the other’s behavior, but because of incompatible values.
Resolution 2: Learning about other cultures. People can prevent cross-cultural conflicts by learning about cultures that they come in contact with.[13]This knowledge can be obtained through training programs, general reading, talking to people from different cultures, and learning from past experiences. Important aspects of cultural education are understanding your own culture and developing cultural awareness[14]by acquiring a broad knowledge of values and beliefs of other cultures, rather than looking at them through the prism of cultural stereotypes.
Resolution 3: Altering organizational practices and procedures. Often the organizational structure reflects the norms of just one culture and inherits the cultural conflict.[15]In such cases, structural change becomes necessary to make the system more sensitive to cultural norms of other people.
All right. In closing, I would like to reiterate that conflict, depending on the outcome, can be a positive or negative experience for an organization. With changing demographics, cultural differences become an acute issue. Many groups resist assimilation and wish to preserve their cultural distinctiveness, which makes cultural conflict education an essential tool for mamtaining healthy relations in organizations and society in general. I hope my talk today has helped detect the cultural conflicts and you will be able to resolve them with ease.
选项
答案
casual conversation
解析
由“女士们会因政府官员没有留出时间闲谈就直接提问而感到不舒服”,可推知女士们喜欢闲聊(casual conversation)之后再进入提问环节。
转载请注明原文地址:https://kaotiyun.com/show/t0sK777K
0
专业英语八级
相关试题推荐
A、Ithasexpandedacrossthecountry.B、Arkansasjustfiledtoday.C、Tennesseehasalawsuit.D、Virginiahastworivallawsuits.
Communicationinaforeignlanguagemustinvolvebothteachersandpupilsusingthetargetlanguageasthenormalmeansofcomm
Researchonlanguagelearningstrategiesstartedinthe1970s.Forthemostpart,theprogressincognitivepsychologyhadagre
Bullyingcanhaveharmfuleffectsonchildhooddevelopment,andthelatestresearchrevealsthosedetrimentalinfluencesmayeve
A、Theresearchershadmadesomemistakes.B、Theresearchersrepeatedtheexperimentmanytimes.C、E.coliwasalmostcompletely
Allsocialunitsdevelopaculture.Evenintwo-personrelationshipsaculturedevelopsintime.Infriendshipandromanticrela
Allsocialunitsdevelopaculture.Evenintwo-personrelationshipsaculturedevelopsintime.Infriendshipandromanticrela
A、Problemsabouttheirwork.B、Problemsaboutinterpersonalrelationship.C、Problemsabouttheirchildren.D、Problemsaboutabi
Itcouldbearguedthathumanbeingsareaspeciesofanimal.However,theuniquecharacteristics,whichmakesmankinddifferent
随机试题
我国第一家自办发行的省级党委机关报是【】
味甘气香,具有杀虫消积功效,尤宜用于小儿蛔虫病及小儿疳积的药物是
背景资料:某水闸建筑在砂质壤土地基上,水闸每孔净宽为8m,共3孔,采用平板闸门,闸门采用一台门式启闭机启闭,闸墩厚度为2m,因闸室的总宽度较小,故不分缝。闸底板的总宽度为30m,净宽为24m,底板顺水流方向长度为20m。施工中发现由于平板闸门主轨、侧轨安
场景某钢厂的自动化仪表安装工程由某机电公司承建。施工方案编制后,送总工程师审核批准。总工程师发现仪表调校室环境、设备零部件的安装以及某些工段的施工程序安排尚有缺陷,气体压力表取源部件安装作业指导书图示部分有错误,仪表线路与仪表管道的安装都与要求不符,于是
《公司法》规定了不得担任公司董事、监事、高级管理人员的情形,其中包括()。
长江公司因出现不能清偿到期债务且资产不足以清偿全部债务的情况,2018年7月1日,被人民法院裁定受理破产申请,并指定管理人。在该破产案件中,存在下述情况:(1)2018年4月1日,长江公司与甲公司订立一份机器设备买卖合同,合同价款100万元。根据合同约定
下列对于现行营业税条例及其实施细则的规定,理解正确的是()。
由于旅行社原因使得旅游者少游览了一个景点,后履行社与旅游者协商后又安排其他时间为旅游者补游览该景点,旅行社以()方式承担了违约责任。
社会政策的实施程序主要包括( )。
论述安史之乱的原因与影响。
最新回复
(
0
)